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Flash Flood Risk and Climate Analysis in the Extreme South of Algeria (the Case of In-Guezzam City)

Zegait Rachid, Pulido-Bosch Antonio, Hamadeha Bachir, Şen Zekai, Madi Housseyn

Geomatics and Environmental Engineering

2022

Vol. 16, no. 4

157--185

Natural risks, particularly flood risk, are a topical subject in Algeria and throughout the world, particularly given the last major catastrophic floods in Sudan (2020) and North Africa. With the development of the climate change phenomenon in the world, risk management is becoming increasingly necessary for all the actors concerned (decision-makers, technicians, and the population) to identify protection issues. In 2018, in the extreme south of Algeria, In-Guezzam City suffered a devastating flood that caused significant damage and loss of human and material resources. More than 100 homes collapsed, and approximately 345 families were displaced. Currently, there is no research work to assess the hydrological situation and the risk of flooding in this region. Therefore, the main purpose of this study is to shed light on the risk of flash floods in the extreme south of Algeria with more specific attention to the August 2018 floods as well as the climate trends over the past 30 years using Mann–Kendall test and Sen’s Slope Estimator. The chosen approach involves a hydrological study and hydrodynamic modeling using HEC-RAS software. This latter allows for simulating floods using statistical methods and creating several regional flood hazard maps.

Water management and the agricultural development constraints in the Algerian Sahara: case of the M'Zab Valley

Zegait Rachid, Bensaha Hocine, Addoun Tayeb

Journal of Water and Land Development

2021

no. 50

173--179

In Algeria, modern agriculture was introduced in the Saharan region through the implementation of the law n° 83–18 of August 13, 1983, relating to access to agricultural land ownership (Fr. Accession à la Propriété Foncière Agricole (APFA) in French). This law was hugely successful and sparked a real enthusiasm for this type of activity, which resulted in an expansion of agricultural areas at the M’Zab level, similar to that observed in other Saharan regions. Over the past decades, the agricultural area has declined markedly (–0.4%), which was due to multiple causes, including ecological problems, such as urban discharges and the rise in the water level. So far, little research has been done to assess the agricultural situation and irrigation in this region. The objective of this work is to analyse and discuss the constraints and impacts of water and agricultural management on sustainability of the ecosystem in the Saharan environment. This work is based on extensive research, which has been carried out in the M’Zab region on the oasis system and its evolution. It was enriched with dozens of direct surveys, performed among farmers working in agricultural areas. The results show that agricultural development and the sustainability of farms in this region face several technical and social constraints, the most important of which are the workforce-related problems and water management. Several measures have been recommended to be taken not only to preserve the ecosystem but also to give significance to the large investments made by the public authorities.