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Proposal of the risk assessment model of vehicle construction systems' safety under the conditions of Industry 4.0

Hlatká Martina, Stopka Ondrej, Kolařík Petr

Archiwum Motoryzacji

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2024

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Vol. 103, nr 1

77--94

EN

With the introduction of the concept of the industry 4.0, automation, robotics, artificial intelligence, communication methods, automotive engineering, mechanics, construction and operation of automotive vehicles, and so on, as well as the methods of corporate management are changing. Following this concept, new risks emerge, when workers have to cooperate with collaborative robots, autonomous systems, artificial intelligence, machine learning and learn new methods different from previous processes and systems. The paper first presents the theoretical background related to the topic addressed. The next sections encompass the literature review, including a list of references relevant to achieving the main objective of the paper, as well as a description of the research methods used in the paper. With regard to the main objective, quantitative research concerning the vehicle construction systems' safety issues in industry 4.0 was conducted; i.e., a questionnaire survey was developed within a sufficiently representative sample of respondents. After conducting the survey, the risk assessment model of vehicle construction systems' safety under the conditions of Industry 4.0 was proposed while applying the principles of system dynamics. An integral part of the paper is represented by the discussion of the obtained results and benefits, as well as the formulation of relevant conclusions.

2

Optimization of collection routes using the centre of gravity method: a case study

Stopka Ondrej, Ľupták Vladimír, Poliak Miloš, Stopková Mária

Zeszyty Naukowe. Transport / Politechnika Śląska

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2023

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z. 121

241--256

EN

The paper deals with the implementation of research concerning the collection routes of a selected company and subsequent streamlining processes in the field of distribution logistics. Specifically, the paper is focused on the optimization of collection routes of textile waste for the customer, i.e., a contractual partner of the company under investigation. The objective of the paper is to analyse step by step the current state of logistics of supplying a specific warehouse, followed by the application of the centre of gravity method for proposing a warehouse relocation. Finally, the individual routes to collection points are optimized. In general, optimization is done for two basic reasons: profit maximization and logistics costs minimization, which ultimately has a positive impact on earnings. The outcome is to determine the optimal routes with respect to costs and traffic while considering complications that may occur in a given transport territory.

3

Influence of road longitudinal terrain profile on vehicle kinetic energy recovery and mitigation of selected transport negative aspects

Pečman Jan, Stopka Ondrej, Rybicka Iwona, Stopková Mária

Transport Problems

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2023

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T. 18, z. 4

125--133

EN

In recent years, environmental aspects of transport have been at the center of attention for research concerning sustainable development. The most discussed topics comprise vehicle emission production and fuel consumption. These are influenced by many variables and factors. In addition to individual vehicle characteristics and attributes, engine performances, exhaust systems, and their overall construction designs, the terrain and road profile itself have a non-negligible effect on emission production. Road profile parameters can increase or decrease the total vehicle consumption if its potential is utilized correctly. This manuscript discusses the options to reduce road vehicle consumption while accelerating where its velocity is decreased and yet again increased when using the longitudinal terrain profile principle. The physical relations for this subject are presented in the manuscript as well. Based on the data and knowledge achieved, the manuscript then addresses several scenarios in which the fuel consumption of the examined vehicle and an occurrence of certain emission types are examined. Lastly, multiple development trends that can positively affect the specified road vehicle’s negative effects on the environment are described. The novel approach of the conducted research consists primarily of the interdisciplinary connection between road transport planning and vehicle traffic study (i.e., negative environmental aspects resulting from road transport can be mitigated not only by assistant devices installed in vehicles, such as catalytic converters, solid particle filters but also by constructing judiciously designed roads).

4

Changes in transport behaviour of the Czech population caused by state of emergency

Bartuska Ladislav, Stopka Ondrej, Hanzl Jiri, Sedivy Josef, Rybicka Iwona

Transport Problems

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2022

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T. 17, z. 1

101--114

EN

This article presents the results of an extensive questionnaire survey focused on changes in the transport behaviour of the population of the Czech Republic immediately after the government’s announcement about the measures implemented to prevent the spread of COVID-19. The questionnaire aimed to determine the changes in the use of the mode of transport for regular travel to work, school, or for shopping, as well as to determine the changes in the frequency of these travels according to monitored socio-demographic groups of inhabitants and specified size groups of settlements. This article contains a statistical evaluation of these changes in the transport behaviour of the population using sophisticated statistical tools. A method is proposed for estimating the number of passengers in public transport using a linear regression model based on the data from conducted transport behaviour survey. In this paper, the Data envelopment analysis (hereinafter referred to as DEA method) within the case study in the South Bohemian Region is also used to determine whether the COVID-19 measures have reduced the efficiency of public transport.

5

Modeling the designs in terms of logistics service center placement: a case study

Stopka Ondrej, Droździel Paweł, L'upták Vladimir

Archives of Transport

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2022

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Vol. 64, iss. 4

59--71

EN

Suggesting the proper location for logistics facility can be considered as a decision making problem, wherein the final solution/decision is affected by multiple external or even internal circumstances. In order to address the decision making issues, various multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) techniques may be implemented; and hence, they can be applied even when making a decision about an adequate logistics service center (LSC) placement in an examined territory (i.e., national logistics network of the selected territory), which is an aim of this manuscript. Following the statements above, as for the individual instruments of MCDM to be implemented in terms of the crucial objective of this research, the definite decision making process will be carried out by applying the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) followed by the Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to the Ideal Solution (TOPSIS), on the basis of criteria weights defined by the Saaty pairwise comparison method. The methods used appear to be ideal instruments towards decision making on the most suit-able location which is represented by the region in our case. Subsequently, these will be ordered from the most preferred to least one by using a preference ranking. As a result of the application of AHP and TOPSIS approaches, based on the conducted calculations in regard to decision making on identifying the proper LSC location out of eight selected regions, one specific region will be defined as the most suitable (so-called compromise) scenario. Individual tools allow for reducing the number of assigned criteria that are taken into account in searching process for individual solutions. In order to objectify the entire decision making procedure, ten topic-involved experts having practical experience with a subject of logistics object allocation will be asked to participate in the process. Preferences differ from one decision maker (expert) to another; hence, the outcome depends on who is making decisions and what their goals and preferences are.

6

Use of activity-based costing approach for cost management in a railway transport enterprise

Stopka Ondrej, Stopkova Maria, Rybicka Iwona, Gross Patrik, Jeřábek Karel

Zeszyty Naukowe. Transport / Politechnika Śląska

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2021

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z. 111

151--160

EN

This research outlines a research study wherein an implementation of the activity-based costing (ABC) approach for cost management in a railway transport enterprise is addressed. ABC is an efficient technique for enhancing the quality of provided services and process complexity of certain railway companies, executing its activities at a regional or international scale. It is one of the new costing approaches that eliminate the inaccuracies and deficiencies of the traditional costing system. Compared to other costing techniques, considerable change lies especially in the way of assigning indirect cost units to activities based on actual causations, and subsequently, assigning activities to the very cost items by the intensity of their consumption. Furthermore, this approach allows decision-makers to identify specific cost item in terms of determining ways of how they can be managed. The main objective of this work is to elaborate a particular study with a draft application of the ABC method encompassing a description of procedure steps, along with relevant quantifications, as well as summarising the results obtained.

7

The impact of driving schools' training on fatal traffic accidents in the Slovak Republic

Hudec Juraj, Šarkan Branislav, Caban Jacek, Stopka Ondrej

Zeszyty Naukowe. Transport / Politechnika Śląska

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2021

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z. 110

45--57

EN

This paper deals with fatal traffic accidents in the period 2017-2019, caused by drivers who have held driving licenses for less than five years. Specifically, it examines an interconnection between these accidents and the driving schools being completed by these drivers. Furthermore, it analyses whether the perpetrators of traffic accidents with short driving experience are graduates of the same driving schools, and thus, whether the occurrence of serious traffic accidents is directly related to the quality of training in specific driving schools.

8

Proposal of specific measures in the context of streamlining operating costs in a selected company

Stopka Ondrej, Ľupták Vladimír, Rybicka Iwona

Transport Problems

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2021

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T. 16, z. 4

121--134

EN

The aim of this research is to propose particular measures aimed at streamlining costs in terms of operations in a selected company. A specific proposal is based on the concept related to using services of the transport databank. As at least two out of five major carriers of the investigated company resell shipments to other carriers on such portals, the company could reduce the transport costs by entering shipments into the transport databank on its own. One out of three selected providers will be chosen using multi-criteria evaluation methods, specifically, the Analytic Hierarchy Process (hereinafter referred to as AHP) and the Base-criterion method. Determination of the weights of criteria will be carried out using the Saaty method of quantitative pair wise comparison and the Fuller pair wise comparison method. In this paper, the presented methods are applied for the example of a specific company specialized in the manufacture of metal storage racks and steel structures. In the Czech Republic, the company employs 65 employees in production, storage and administration. Based on the analytical evaluation of the current situation of the company, relevant measures will be proposed with a required effect on the effectiveness of such an enterprise.

9

Application of the chosen multi-criteria decision-making methods to identify the autonomous train system supplier

Stopka Ondrej, Stopková Mária, Lupták Vladimír, Krile Srećko

Transport Problems

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2020

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T. 15, z. 2

45--57

EN

This paper addresses an application of the specific methods of multi-criteria decision analysis to specify the appropriate supplier of an autonomous train in a certain production–distribution company. This company identifies three potential suppliers dealing with the development and purchase of autonomous train systems. In terms of the multi-criteria decision analysis, the WSA method, the Scoring method and the TOPSIS method were used to define a suitable compromise solution. To apply each method, individual suppliers were sorted depending on the appropriateness for the examined company based on relevance with all the identified criteria and their weights. The evaluation criteria include procurement cost, time of the whole autonomous train system project implementation, references from plants where such a technology has already been introduced, service department availability and battery charge time. Thereafter, the outcomes obtained using individual methods were compared to each other and the compromise supplier of the autonomous train system to be implemented in the selected company was determined.

10

Draft model of delivery routes at a city logistics scale when applying the Clarke-Wright method

Stopka Ondrej

Archiwum Motoryzacji

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2020

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Vol. 87, nr 1

67--80

EN

The manuscript deals with the subject of determining the optimal delivery routes in terms of supplying urban distribution centers when minimizing the distance traveled in a particular region for the purpose of addressing city logistics issues using the specific Operations Research method, namely the Clarke-Wright method. Thus, the main paper objective is to examine the issue: what are the optimal transport journeys from the specific object among individual customers in a certain region in order to execute minimum transport performance? First two sections of the manuscript specify the relevant concepts regarding the issue of distribution tasks and vehicle routing problem, and presents data and methods in relation to this research study. The most significant part of the article models the individual routes to determine the optimal interconnections of urban distribution center and their supply from one logistics service center in a regional logistics network at a city logistics scale when applying the Clarke-Wright method. The last sections of the elaborated research study evaluate the major findings and discuss the possible future initiatives in the topic addressed.

11

Possibilities of using unmanned aerial vehicles for biological protection of airports in Europe

Kampf Rudolf, Hanzl Jiří, Stopka Ondrej, Rybicka Iwona

Zeszyty Naukowe. Transport / Politechnika Śląska

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2019

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z. 104

47--56

EN

This paper offers a comparison of selected European countries´ approaches to the civil and commercial use of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) with the approach and rules set by the Civil Aviation Authority (CAA) in the Czech Republic. The authors specially focused on the differences in the approaches of individual authorities, which regulate the use of unmanned vehicles in the countries concerned in order to emphasise the inconsistency of rules within the European Economic Area. In the other part of the paper, the authors outline the possibilities of using unmanned aerial vehicles (drones), particularly dealing with increasing safety in air transport as a complement to biological protection of airports, and propose their original idea of the system.

12

Design of placing the container reloading station by applying the Operations Research methods: a research study

Stopka Ondrej

Archiwum Motoryzacji

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2019

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Vol. 85, nr 3

123--136

EN

The manuscript is focused on the design of methodical procedure to locate container reloading station of national importance in the examined country. Slovakia represents the investigated country where ten container reloading stations , specialized above all in transshipment of loading units, are currently in operation. The introductory parts of the manuscript outline the most important concepts associated with the very term of intermodal transport, container reloading stations in the given country as well as a brief literature review in a given context. The following parts discuss the specification of relevant data and methods for this study as well as a description of the general procedure of multi-criteria evaluation of alternatives; namely consisting of, identifying a set of alternatives (Slovak regions), establishing a set of criteria and determining the weights of such criteria. The last part of the manuscript addresses forming a criteria matrix and subsequent calculations in order to search for the most suitable region when applying particular techniques of Operations Research. Specifically, the weights of criteria being determined based on the Saaty quantitative pairwise comparison method, and the final procedure in the context of selecting the most suitable alternative is suggested by using the Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (also called as the TOPSIS method).

13

Declarations regarding the energy consumption and emissions of the greenhouse gases in the road freight transport sector

Lizbetin Jan, Stopka Ondrej, Kurenkov Petr V.

Archiwum Motoryzacji

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2019

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Vol. 83, nr 1

59--72

EN

This manuscript is focused on the matter concerning the emissions of the greenhouse gases produced by the road freight transport mode. Those emissions influence the ozone layer structure and help to create the greenhouse impact causing the global warming, i.e. issues particularly related to the weather change aspects as well as extreme weather occurrences. In the first part of the paper, the calculation approaches, energy consumption examination as well as evaluation of emissions of the greenhouse gases created by the transport modes operation are performed by the EN 16258:2013 standard. The research chapter outlines the implementation of the approach technique to particular consignment on a specific transport section, while the sum of the energy consumption and greenhouse gases emissions production per pallet of goods weighing 1000 kg is specified. The resulting values form the fundamentals for declarations of energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions. The proper and precise examinations of energy consumption and emissions production can help to identify the share of external costs for specific transport modes quite accurately. This ensures that such costs are fairly carried by the individual producers thereof.

14

Approach technique of specifying a proper autonomous cart type for its service in the logistics center

Stopka Ondrej

Archiwum Motoryzacji

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2019

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Vol. 84, nr 2

23--31

EN

Basically, relocation, protection, warehousing and management of materials and products throughout the logistics chain (manufacturing, warehousing, distribution, consumption and disposal) are referred to as cargo handling. Cargo handling includes a variety of manual, semi-automated and automated devices, processes and systems supporting the manufacture and logistics, and helps with the efficient cargo flow across the logistics chain. This research study designs an approach technique (procedure) to specify a proper type of the autonomous cart as a part of handling devices for its service activities within the area of opted logistics center applying an adequate multiple-criteria analysis method. Introductory parts of the paper summarize relevant literature review regarding research topic, methods and procedures important to compile the draft technique, identify all the relevant criteria used for the given purpose as well as define variants of autonomous carts taken into consideration in order to calculate the final outcome. The most important chapter specifies the approach technique design itself including application of method to calculate the criteria weights as well as use of the multiple-criteria analysis method, specifically the Weighted-Sum Approach, in order to define the variant ranking.

15

Effective Solutions to the Transport Distribution of Material by the Mayer Method

Čejka Jiří, Stopka Ondrej

Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal

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2018

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Vol. 12, no 4

177--183

EN

This paper deals with streamlining the collection (pick-up) and distribution (delivery) activities within the technology of wood industry. Through the optimization process implemented using the issue of the distribution task of linear programming, specifically the Mayer method, the particular solution in order to minimize the total costs in practice of utilized distribution routes is proposed. The first part of the paper presents the characteristics of the vehicle routing problem and describes methods of solving this issue. Subsequently, the main part of the paper outlines a particular case study in the context of the Mayer method application within the field of transport-technology solution of the material distribution.