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Investigation into particulate size distributions in the exhaust gas of diesel engines fuelled with biodiesel blends

Chuepeng S., Theinnoi K., Xu H. M., Wyszynski M. L., York A. P. E., Hartland J. C., Qiao J.

Journal of KONES

2008

Vol. 15, No. 3

75-82

Particulate matter (PM) size distributions in the exhaust gas of biodiesel blend fuelled diesel engines have been studied by experimenting firstly on a single cylinder equipped with a pump-line-injector injection system and secondly for comparison on a V6 DI engine equipped with a common rail fuel injection system. Both engines were operated with a biodiesel (RME) blend of B30 and ultra low sulphur diesel fuel (ULSD). Several engine load conditions with and without exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) were selected. Particulate number concentrations vs. the electrical mobility equivalent diameter were examined using a fast differential mobility spectrometer. The effect of engine operating conditions including EGR rates on particulate emissions has been investigated. It is found that PM sizes from combustion of B30 without EGR operation are generally smaller than those from ULSD while number concentrations are higher. This can result in lower PM mass estimates for the B30 case if due care is not taken. When EGR is applied to control nitrogen oxides emissions, both the total PM number and mass are increased and shifted toward the larger sizes for both fuels used in the test. The calculated total PM mass from B30 combustion is lower than in the ULSD case for all the tested engine operating conditions.

Boosted HCCI operation on multi cylinder V6 engine

Misztal J., Wyszyński M., Xu H., Tsolakis A., Qiao J., Wyszyński M., Xu H., Tsolakis A., Qiao J., Wilson T.

Journal of KONES

2006

Vol. 13, No. 2

315-321

This paper is an extension of work done with boosted 1-cyl Homogenous Charge Compression Ignition (HCCI) engine. As has been proven in the authors’ laboratory on a single cylinder research engine, applying boosting can enable an increased load range with a decreased NOx emission. During the tests which are covered in this paper, a Jaguar V6 research engine with a negative valve overlap facility has been used. The engine is equipped with a mechanically coupled supercharger, which supplies the required amount of air. The introduction of a higher amount of air allows the cylinder mixture to be kept on a highly diluted level; this enables autoignition to be controlled and improves NOx emission. Finally, more air introduced into the cylinder enables more fuel to be injected, which in turn provides for a higher load. This fact is useful as one method to increase the upper load limit for HCCI. Boosted HCCI operation is very sensitive to exhaust gas residuals. It has been proven that valve operation, whether advancing or retarding away from the optimum point will affect NOx emission. Th6is paper will demonstrate that the optimisation of valve timing in connection with lambda value and boost pressure can produce lower NOx emission for the same or even a higher load.