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2 Journal of Ecological Engineering

2 2022

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Assessment of Occurrence, Ecological and Health Risk of Heavy Metals in Agricultural Soil in the Hau Giang Province, Vietnam

Hong Tran Thi Kim, Dan Truong Hoang, Giao Nguyen Thanh

Journal of Ecological Engineering

2022

Vol. 23, nr 9

61--71

The study aimed to evaluate the occurrence of some heavy metals in agricultural soil in the Hau Giang province, Vietnam. The geographical accumulation index (Igeo), pollutant load index (PLI) and ecological risk index (RI) are used to assess the pollution levels and potential ecological risks due to the presence of heavy metals in agricultural soil. The results showed that the mean concentrations of Cu, Pb and Zn in the soil ranged from 16.25–40.32, 18.05–29.92 and 52.78–147.22 mg/kg, respectively, within the limits of QCVN 03-MT:2015/BTNMT. Cluster analysis showed that Pb originated from the process of using fertilizers, especially phosphate fertilizers in farming. Cu and Zn possibly share a common origin from the use of pesticides and fungicides in agricultural production. The Igeo value of Cu, Pb and Zn gradually increases in the order of Cu < Zn < Pb. The PLI (1.03–1.97) reflected that the soil in the study area is moderately polluted. The RI (14.80–25.33) represented a low potential ecological risk. In particular, position D3 had the highest level of pollution and risk among the study sites. Pb had the highest level of accumulation in soil with the highest single ecological risk factor; thus, measures should be taken to limit the source of Pb generation. The results of the study also indicated that ingestion route is the main exposure pathway by which heavy metals can be harmful to humans.

Analysis of Spatial-Temporal Variations of Surface Water Quality in the Southern Province of Vietnamese Mekong Delta Using Multivariate Statistical Analysis

Hong Tran Thi Kim, Viet Le Hoang, Giao Nguyen Thanh

Journal of Ecological Engineering

2022

Vol. 23, nr 7

1--9

The study aimed to assess the variation in surface water quality in the Tien Giang province, Vietnam, and at the same time identify the main sources of water pollution. The surface water quality samples were collected at 34 locations (NM01-NM34) with 17 surface water quality indicators in March, June, September and November in canals and rivers in the Tien Giang province. Multivariate statistical analysis methods, including principal component analysis (PCA), cluster analysis (CA) and numerical discriminant analysis (DA), were used to analyze the variability and key indicators affecting the effect of multivariate statistical analysis. The analysis results show that the surface water quality in the study area is contaminated with organic (low DO, high BOD and COD) and nutrients (NH4+-N, NO2--N, PO43--P and TP), salinity (high Cl-). The PCA results showed that 14/17 surface water environmental parameters to be monitored are pH, temperature, TSS, BOD, COD, NH4+-N, NO2--N, PO43--P, TP, SO42-, Cl-, coliform and Fe. The PCA analysis showed that PC1-PC4 accounted for 79.70% of the variation in surface water quality in the study area. Potential surface water polluting sources include hydrological regime, domestic waste, agricultural production, industrial production activities. The CA results showed that 34 monitoring locations can be reduced to 27 locations, with a frequency of 4 times/year to ensure surface water quality representativeness. The DA indicated that the indicators of EC, SO42- and Cl- made the difference of the surface water quality between the wet and dry seasons. The current results provide important information on the current state of water quality for different uses and contribute to the improvement of the surface water quality monitoring system in the Tien Giang province.