Wyniki wyszukiwania - BazTech

1

Pasożyty jelitowe młodocianych ryb łososiowatych zlewni dolnej Odry i środkowego Niemna

Pilecka-Rapacz M., Kazlauskiene N., Kesminas V, Czerniawski R.

Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska

|

2013

|

Tom 15, cz. 1

671--682

EN

Atlantic salmon died out in Poland during the 1980s. The current population was recreated with Latvian salmon and now forms part of the southern Baltic cohort. Polish sea trout and brown trout come from the home cohort, but have survived only with regular restocking. In Lithuania, all the salmonides are from the home cohort and have not been restocked. The aim of this study was to compare parasitic invasion in juvenile salmonides that come from Poland and Lithuania. The juvenile salmonides in this study came from the lower Oder River basin and from the middle of the Neman River. 153 fish were caught using electrofishing from 2004 to 2006. The salmonides in the Oder had been artificially restocked and those in the Neman were wild. 33 salmon, 58 sea trout and 24 brown trout came from small tributaries of the Oder; 22 salmon, 5 sea trout and 11 brown trout came from tributaries of the middle Neman River. The fish were either 0+, 1+, or 2+ years old. Their size was characteristic for their species at that age, which suggested that they were in good condition. Our examination found 6 species of parasites from 3 taxa: Cestoda – Cyathocephalus truncates; Nematoda – Cystidicoloides ephe¬meridarum and Raphidascaris acus; and Acanthocephala – Acantho¬cephalus lucii, A. anguillae and Metechinorhynchus truttae. We found all three taxa of parasites in all the salmonides that came from the tributaries of the Oder, but all three taxa were found only in salmon from the Neman tributaries. In sea trout and brown trout from tributaries of the Nemen River we found only Nematoda. The invasion frequency was much higher in salmonides that came from tributaries of the Oder River than in salmonides from tributaries of the Nemen River. In tributaries of the Oder River, 57.6% of the salmon, 62.1% of the sea trout, and 58.3% of the brown trout had parasites. In tributaries of the Nemen River, 27.3% of the salmon, 40% of the sea trout, and 36.4% of the brown trout had parasites. In salmonides from both rivers the most common parasites were C. ephemeridarum, M. truttae, and C. truncatus. The other species of parasites were found in very few cases. Older salmonides had greater numbers of parasites. Although the salmonides came from different rivers and had different origins, the species of parasites that they had were typical for their family. In conclusion, parasite invasion is similar in salmonides both from the lower Oder River basin and from the middle of the Neman River.

2

Sensivity of Zebrafish (Brachydanio rerio) Early Life Stages (ELS) to the Mixture of Eight Heavy Metals. Comparison with Rainbow Trot (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Els and Juvenil T

Stoskus A., Stoskus L., Kazlauskiene N.

Chemia i Inżynieria Ekologiczna

|

2003

|

Vol. 10, nr 12

1315-1324

EN

Sensitivity of zebrafish (Brachydanio rerio) ELS 144-h test comparing with rainbow trout (Oneorhynehus mykiss) ELS 980-h test and juvenile rainbow trout 96-h test to the mixture of Cu, Zn, Ni, Cr, Fe, Pb, Cd, and Mn was examined. Mortality percentage (all tests) and some developmental/ physiological parameters (hatching time, heart contraction frequency and larvae mobility) in ELS tests were registered. LC50 figures were calculated. Lowest concentrations of mixture which predetermined reliable changes in observed parameters were defined. Rainbow trout ELS 980-h test was identified as the most sensitive to the chosen complex of heavy metals, i.e. it gave statistically reliable responses at the lower metal concentrations than any other tests. The calculated LC50 value was 9.7 times lower than in the case of testing with zebrafish (l44-h) ELS test. But zebrafish test showed heller sensitivity than one year rainbow trout 96-h test - I . LC50 : 2,2 . LC50. Analysis of sublethal parameters allowed to detect 10 times lower concentration than LC50 value in zebrafish and 2 times lower in rainbow trout ELS test. Larvae mobility and hatching rate were identified as the most sensitive parameters in zebrafish ELS test. Hatching time and heart contraction frequency - in rainbow trout ELS test. According to the results, test sensitivity order was elaborated: Rainbow trout 980-h ELS test> Zebrafish 144-h ELS test> Rainbow trout juvenile 96-h.

PL

Przeprowadzono porównawcze badania wrażliwości danio (Brachydanio rerio) i pstrąga tęczowego (Oneorhynchus mykiss) w początkowych stadiach rozwojowych (PSR) na działania mieszaniny 8 metali ciężkich (Cd, Pb, Ni, Cr, Mn, Cu, Fe i Zn). Czas ekspozycji dla danio wynosił 144 h, zaś dla pstrąga - 96 h (w stadium PSR) oraz 144 h (osobniki młode). Analizowano dane procentowe dotyczące śmiertelności wszystkich badanych ryb, jak również zmiany niektórych wskaźników rozwojowych (czas wylęgania i ruchliwość larw) i fizjologicznych (częstotliwość skurczu serca). Pstrąg tęczowy w stadium PSR (test 980-godzinny) był najbardziej czułym wskaźnikiem obecności mieszaniny badanych metali ciężkich.

3

Comparative Sensitivity of Eggs and Alevins of Rainbow Trout Onchorhynchus Mykiss to Heavy Metal Model Mixture

Stasiunaite P., Kazlauskiene N.

Chemia i Inżynieria Ekologiczna

|

2003

|

Vol. 10, nr 12

1325-1334

EN

To compare the sensitivity of early life stages (ELS) of rainbow trout chronic toxicity studies were carried out with a heavy metal model mixture (HMMM). The formation of model mixture was carried out basing on available analytical data of average annual amounts of seven representative heavy metals in cooling wastewaters discharging from Ignalina Nuclear Power Plant into the Druksiai lake during 1996. Concentration of HMMM solution was considered to be equal to 1%: Cu - 0.008, Zn - 0.06, Ni - 0.002, Cr - 0.003, Pb - 0.014, Cd - 0.0002, and Mn - 0.01 mg/dm3 correspondingly. The investigation consists of two separate experiments in which toxicity test was started from different embryo period stages, i.e. from 3-4 h after fertilisation and from eyed-egg stage. Total exposure time was 73 and 59 days, respectively. The effects of HMMM on hatching time, mortality and growth were investigated. The wide range of HMMM concentrations from 0.2% to 30.0% were examined. In both studies the alevin stage appeared to be most sensitive period in rainbow trout early development. According to the criterion of mortality larvae were particularly sensitive during hatching and significant mortality was recorded in concentrations as low as 8.0% and 15.0% of HMMM (exposure of 3-4 h after fertilisation and from eyed-egg stage, respectively). Sensitivity of alevins was much lower after hatching and increased slightly in late alevins. The most sensitive criterion of HMMM toxicity was the inhibition of growth in alevins with significant reduction occurring in 2.0% and 1.0% of HMMM (exposure of 3-4 h after fertilisation and from eyed-egg stage, respectively). Yolk-sac resorption rate was retarded in all concentrations studied when exposure was started soon after fertilisation. The toxic effect of HMMM can be modified by ontogenic stage at which chemical stress begun.

PL

Badano działanie toksyczne modelowej mieszaniny metali ciężkich (Cd, Pb, Ni, Cr, Mn i Zn) na ikrę (3--4 h po zapłodnieniu) i późniejsze stadium rozwoju zarodka (larwy) pstrąga tęczowego (Oncorhynchus mykiss). W zależności od stadium rozwoju i czasu trwania wpływu mieszaniny analizowano: czas wylęgania, śmiertelność oraz rozwój zarodka dla szerokiego zakresu stężeń (0.2-30.0%) modelowej mieszaniny metali ciężkich. Ikra była mniej czuła na wpływ badanych soli metali.