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Removal of Divalent Copper Ions from Aqueous Solution using Sorghum bicolor L. Stem Waste as an Effective Adsorbent

Annisa Rika Wahyuni Rusti, Fahruddin Fahruddin, Taba Paulina

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2024

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Vol. 25, nr 5

165--174

EN

Sorghum stem (Sorghum bicolor L.) is a plant that has not been maximally utilized. But sorghum stems contain high cellulose. The hydroxyl (OH-) and carboxyl (-COOH) groups on cellulose can bind heavy metals; therefore, sorghum stems have the opportunity to be used as an adsorbent to absorb heavy metals, especially Cu(II) metal, which can pollute the environment. Therefore, this research was conducted to determine the optimum pH, contact time, and the adsorption capacity of Cu(II) using HNO3 modified sorghum stem adsorbent. The stages of the research included the preparation of sorghum stem adsorbent, modification of adsorbent with HNO3 , determination of optimum pH, optimum contact time and adsorption capacity of Cu(II) metal. Furthermore, the functional groups of the adsorbent before and after modification were determined by FTIR. SEM-EDS to assess the morphological structure and chemical components contained in the adsorbent. After the research, the optimum pH of Cu(II) metal adsorption was pH 6, and the adsorption power was 99.88%. The optimum contact time is 10 minutes. The percent removal of Cu(II) metal with concentrations of 10, 30, 50, and 100 ppm were 79.96; 79.90; 56.40 and 54.04%, respectively. Adsorption of Cu(II) metal using HNO3 modified sorghum stem adsorbent followed the Freundlich isotherm pattern compared to Langmuir with R2=0.9039. It is concluded that activated sorghum stem can be used as Cu(II) metal adsorbent.

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Study and Characterization of Biofoam From Bagasse (Saccharum officinarum L.) with Chitosan Addition

Rismawati Rismawati, Taba Paulina, Fahruddin Fahruddin

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2024

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Vol. 25, iss. 7

11--21

EN

The increase in styrofoam waste can cause environmental pollution, therefore efforts are required to reduce the use of styrofoam. One of them is by replacing it with biofoam made from agricultural industry waste such as bagasse because if this garbage is not used, it may cause environmental issues. Bagasse has a potential to be utilized as biofoam. This research aims to extract cellulose from bagasse through delignification and bleaching processes, as well as synthesize and characterize biofoam using cellulose from bagasse with the addition of chitosan variations of 2, 3.5, 5, and 6.5 g. The stages of this research are the extraction of cellulose from bagasse waste with FTIR and XRD analysis, making biofoam and biofoam characterization tests. The results of cellulose extraction from bagasse are O-H, C-H and C-O functional groups that indicate the presence of cellulose. In XRD analysis, the cellulose sample has a crystallinity index of 70.74%. Biofoam based on sugarcane bagasse cellulose with the addition of 2 g chitosan has the best characterization, which has a density of 1.23 g/mL, with a water absorption value of 46.03% at 24 hours immersion and biodegradability of 20.68% for 28 days.

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Bioconcentration and Translocation of Heavy Metals in Mangrove Avicennia sp. and Rhizophora sp. in Diesel Powel Plant

Basri Siti Aras Ainun, Samawi Muhammad Farid, Fahruddin Fahruddin

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2024

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Vol. 25, iss. 9

223--230

EN

Diesel power plants produce wastewater containing heavy metals. This study focused on analyzing the role of mangroves around the site. The results showed that Cu metal concentrations in sediments ranged from 10.01–17.76 mg/kg and Cr ranged from 13.06–20.34 mg/kg, and Cu and Cr metal concentrations in Avicennia sp. mangrove were 25.04–42.05 mg/kg; 11.78–28.21 mg/kg, respectively, and showed bioaccumulation and translocation abilities of Cu and Cr of 2.34–2.5 (BCF > 1) and 0.6–0.69 (TF < 1); 0.9–1.39 (BCF < 1) and 0.4–0.53 (TF < 1), while in mangrove Rhizophora sp., namely 13.51–29.24 mg/kg; 21.52–58.38 mg/kg, and showed bioaccumulation and translocation abilities of Cu and Cr, respectively, 1.35–1.64 (BCF > 1) and 0.61–0.74 (TF < 1); 1.65–2.87 (BCF > 1) and 0.62–0.84 (TF < 1). BCF > 1 indicates that mangroves are accumulators, and BCF < 1 is an excluder. TF value < 1 indicates that mangroves are phytostabilisers. This research can be a reference for diesel power plant companies to plant mangroves Avicennia sp. and Rhizophora sp. around the source of wastewater outlets. In addition to absorbing CO2 emissions in the environment, they can also absorb heavy metals derived from diesel processing.