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2 2023

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Review on Toxicity and Removal of Pharmaceutical Pollutants Using Immobilised Microalgae

Obaid Zahraa Hussein, Salman Jasim Mohammed, Kadhim Nuha F.

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

2023

Vol. 24, iss. 6

44--60

In recent years, global pharmaceutical consumption has increased, resulting in the increased release into the environment and endangering the entire ecosystem. These pharmaceuticals have attracted considerable attention due to their persistence, toxicity, and the appearance of resistance genes and development antibiotic-resistance bacteria. Furthermore, conventional wastewater treatment plants are ineffective in treating antibiotic-contaminated wastewater. Thus, algae-based technologies are sustainable, low-cost, and friendly to the environment. In this context, immobilization appears to be of particular interest to many researchers as they develop new, efficient, greener strategies for the elimination of toxic and hazardous pollutants. provide a critical overview of algal immobilization-based technologies, and a biotechnological tool that restricts cell movement by confining it within a polymer matrix or attaching it to a rigid support is a promising, and cost-effective alternative that does not necessitate the use of additional chemicals. This paper presents strategies for the systematic removal of pharmaceuticals based on algae immobilization techniques as an economical, effective, and feasible alternative technology for removing pharmaceuticals and environmental concerns from water bodies and discusses the benefits and drawbacks of these techniques.

Removal Efficiency of Synthetic Toxic Dye from Water and Waste Water Using Immobilized Green Algae – Bioremediation with Multi Environment Conditions

Juda Sarab A., Ali Ahed Mohammed, Omarin Alla R., Obaid Zahraa Hussein, Salman Jasim M.

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

2023

Vol. 24, iss. 9

237--247

The synthetic dye industry is a significant source of anthropogenic pollutants emitted into many water bodies across the world. Bioremoval is a substitute for industrial techniques for detoxifying dye-contaminated water. Green algae is an abundant microorganism processing to produce cost-effective, eco-friendly, and high-quality method to bioremediation by immobilization technique. In this present study, The effectiveness of the immobilized green alga Chlorella vulgaris to eliminate Congo red dye in both water and wastewater was assessed through the biodegradation Process under various conditions, including pH, concentration of dye, contact time, and NaCl. The results revealed that the removal increased with increasing contact duration, with the maximum bioremoval percentage occurring at 89.6% at a contact time of 13 days. The removal effectiveness of dye as the number of beads of immobilized C.vulgaris algae grew; the highest removal efficiency was achieved at 7–8 beads of immobilized C.vulgaris algae. There was also an inverse relationship between bioremoval and dye concentration; the maximum removal percentage was 90.1% at 0.1 M dye concentration. The highest removal efficiency was found in the range (91.3–86) at pH 6–7. The bioremoval of Congo red dye was similar in fresh and salinity water (87.2% and 85.3%, respectively). This study observed high removal efficiency for immobilized algae to Congo red under different concentrations of NaCl as an indicator of salinity, ranging between 85.3 and 87.2%.