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Soil Variability and Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) Biomass along Ultisol Toposequences

Armanto M. Edi

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2019

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Vol. 20, nr 7

196--204

EN

Uniforming sugarcane management without any knowledge of soil variability could result in some parts of a sugarcane field receiving insufficient inputs, while other parts receive an excessive input. The research aimed at assessing the soil variability and sugarcane biomass along Ultisol toposequences in Central Lampung, Indonesia. Two sugarcane catenas and one forest catena were fully described in the fields. Soil horizons are represented by Ap/Ah/M, E, B, Cc and Cg with dominant clay translocation. The gleying symptom was found only in the lower slope to depression. The concretion depths can be used as an erosion indicator if the soil parent material is well characterized. Soil P has a maximum value of Ap horizon and decreases with the depth and no effect of internal erosion in the form of soil P accumulation in subsoils can be observed, except for the colluviated horizon. Kaolinite clay is dominantly found to buffer the changes in pH, except Ap horizon of sugarcane. The organic C depends on the pedogenesis and catena form. Al saturation indicates that the dominant soil weathering is intensive. Al saturation in the Ap horizon (Catena G1; G2) was reduced from 80% to 20–40% caused by liming and fertilization. The catena position was the main factor causing the increasing soil variability, which was responsible for the variability of sugarcane biomass. The sugarcane biomass increased with decreasing slopes. The highest biomass was found in the depression (105 tones/ha) if the sedimentation process is characterized by the formation horizon M and accompanied by the nutrient accumulation from the hilltops.

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Exploring Peat Thickness Variability Using VLF Method

Zuhdi Mohd., Armanto M. Edi, Setiabudidaya Dedi, Ngudiantoro, Sungkono

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2019

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Vol. 20, nr 5

142--148

EN

This paper tried to prove the capability of a geophysical method, called VLF (very low frequency) for peat thickness variability exploration. The method involved using the VLF receiver to measure the VLF properties emitted by the ground from the study area. The study was carried out in Jambi Province of Indonesia in three different depths of peat area, i.e.; very deep (8–15 m), deep (3–8 m) and shallow (0–3 m) peat. The depth was confirmed by direct measurement. The VLF measurement was done along transects on each areas. The data was processed using NAMEMD (Noise Assisted Multivariate Empirical Mode Decomposition) method and converted into value and depth of resistivity using Inv2DVLF software. The study indicated that the resistivity, shows significant difference (F(2,6317) = 4.525, p = 0.011) between the area of very deep peat and the shallow peat. The resistivity varies according to peat thickness. In the very deep area, it tends to be statistically similar until 7.32 meter depth and starts to differ significantly at the depth of 11.46 meters. In turn, in the area of deep peat, it is statistically similar until 4.72 meter and starts to show differences at 7.32 m depth. However, in shallow area, it does not exhibit the differences as in the area of deep peat. This proved that the VLF method works properly in deep and very deep peat and is capable of indicating the peat thickness.

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Comparison of Chemical Properties of Peats under Different Land Uses in South Sumatra, Indonesia

Armanto M. Edi

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2019

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Vol. 20, nr 5

184--192

EN

The research aimed at comparing the chemical properties of peats under different land uses in peats dome of the catchment area of the Sibumbung River and the Komering River in Pedamaran Sub-Districts, OKI South Sumatra, Indonesia. The research was conducted in January 2019 and used a Randomized Complete Block Design with two blocks and five natural treatments namely swamp grass, bush swamp, peat forest, oil palm, and intercropping between oil palm and pineapple. Most of the chemical properties of peats at the depth of 30-50 cm showed no changes due to the effects of land uses and drainage; however, there were significant differences with the peat depth of 5-15 cm. Decreasing organic C, exchangeable Al, Al saturation and soluble Fe on the cultivated peats were significantly different compared with the uncultivated peats. An increase in the available P, K, pH, CEC and base saturation on the cultivated peats were found and differed significantly on test level 5% compared with the uncultivated peats due to the application of ameliorant materials. The total N and C/N values were not significantly different. Most of the chemical properties of peats were decreased by the depth of peats. Soil ameliorant materials would change the buffering system of the peats to neutralize soil acidity and the pH increase.

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Characteristics of Selected Peatland Uses and Soil Moisture Based on TVDI

Holidi, Armanto M. Edi, Damiri Nurhayati, Putranto Dinar Dwi Anugerah

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2019

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Vol. 20, nr 4

194--200

EN

The conversion of peatland from forest to non-forest causes environmental damage and increases high land dryness. Mapping of peatland based on dryness is very important to control and prevent fires. This study aims at characterizing peatland based on the level of temperature vegetation dryness index (TVDI) and evaluating the correlation between TVDI value and soil moisture. The research was conducted in August 2018 during the dry season. The area of research located in peat hydrological unit of Sibumbung River – Batok River in Ogan Komering Ilir (OKI) District of South Sumatra Province covering 63,427 ha area that consists of various land uses. The result showed that extreme wet category is found in water bodies and secondary forests that have high density, moderate wet is found in paddy fields and grass, normal area is found in the area covered by low-density trees, moderate dry is found in shrubs and oil palm plantations with good management and extreme dry areas is found in grasses and oil palm with poor cultivation management. There is a correlation between the TVDI value to the soil moisture on 0–10 cm and 10–20 cm and 20–30 cm depth.