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Studies on hydrometallurgical processes using nuclear techniques to be applied in copper industry. 2. Application of radiotracers in copper leaching from fl otation tailings

Rogowski M., Smoliński T., Pyszynska M., Brykała M., Chmielewski A. G.

Nukleonika

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2018

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Vol. 63, No. 4

131--137

EN

The use of radiotracers in the present study is intended to replace traditional steps of metal quantitative analysis (solution sampling and instrumental chemical analysis) and to allow real-time measurements of metal concentrations during the leaching process. In this study, 64Cu, an isotope of copper, was selected as a radiotracer. Samples of copper flotation tailings were irradiated in the Maria research reactor (Świerk, Poland) and mixed with an inactive portion of the milled flotation waste. The leaching process was carried out in a glass reactor, and the radiation spectrum was measured using a gamma spectrometer. The material was then treated using various acids (sulphuric acid, nitric acid, acetic acid, citric acid, and ascorbic acid) in a wide range of their concentrations. Experiments with the radiotracer were conducted in sulphuric and nitric acids. The amount of the leached metal (copper) was calculated on the basis of the peak area ratio in the gamma-ray spectrum of the activated tailings and standard samples. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) was also used to analyse the metal content. Maximum recovery of 56% Cu was achieved using 9 M HNO3, whereas the recovery was lowest for ascorbic acid (1%). Both analytical methods were compared, and the results presented in this paper are in good agreement with radiometric measurements obtained using ICP-MS analysis.

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Studies on hydrometallurgical processes using nuclear techniques to be applied in copper industry. I. Application of 64Cu radiotracer for investigation of copper ore leaching

Smoliński T., Rogowski M., Brykała M., Pyszynska M., Chmielewski A. G.

Nukleonika

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2018

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Vol. 63, No. 4

123--129

EN

Scientific objective of this work was elaboration of radiometric method for the development of hydrometallurgical process for recovery of Cu from the copper ore. A neutron activation analysis (NAA) was identified as a very convenient tool for the process investigation. The samples of copper ore were activated in a nuclear reactor. The parameters of the neutron activation were calculated. Radioisotope 64Cu was selected as an optimal tracer, and it was used for the investigation of the leaching process. During the experiments, various processes applying leaching media such as sulphuric acid, nitric acid, and organic acids were investigated. The recovery of the metals using sulphuric acid was insufficient, around 10%. Investigated organic media also did not meet expectations. The best results were obtained in experiments with nitric acid. Up to 90% of Cu and other metals were extracted from the copper ore. Copper concentration calculations obtained by NAA were confimed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) technique. Both techniques gave comparable results, but the advantage of the NAA is a possibility for easy online measurements without shutting down or disturbing the system.

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Polityka energetyczna wybranych krajów Europy, rola energetyki jądrowej

Chmielewski A.G., Smoliński T.

Instal

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2015

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nr 2

12--18

PL

W pracy analizowane są zagadnienia dotyczące udziału różnych źródeł w produkcji energii elektrycznej w Polsce i w Europie. Rezultaty wdrożenia niskowęglowej polityki EU w najbardziej rozwiniętych krajach kontynentu dostarczyły już wiele danych eksperymentalnych pozwalających na ocenę poprawności tej strategii. W niniejszym opracowaniu analizy oficjalnych rządowych raportów sporządzanych dla: Niemiec, Danii i Finlandii, zostały wykorzystane do przeprowadzenia takiej oceny. Technologie spalania niestety będą głównym źródłem energii jeszcze przez wiele lat. Krótko też omówiono wpływ energetyki wykorzystującej procesy spalania na środowisko. W końcowej części pracy przedstawiono informacje związane z wdrażaniem Polskiego Programu Energetyki Jądrowej (PPEJ), na tle podobnych, już istniejących i dalej rozwijanych programów w Czechach i na Słowacji.

EN

The analysis of the official energy reports of Poland and European Countries are undertaken in this study. The experiment based on the assumptions of the cited road map has already started in the reachest and most technologically developed countries in Europe. The results have already shown what kind of errors where basis of the assumptions of this EU policy and should be adopted for the Polish case.The analysis of the official reports of: Germany, Denmark and Finland are undertaken in this study. The combustion processes will be the basis for energy production for many years from now. It is difficult to call such processes friendly to environment and a man, the ecological effects are shortly discussed in the paper. Polish Nuclear Energy Program (PPEJ) is discussed finally in comparison with the programs implemented in Czech Repaublic and Slovakia.

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Mały dworzec kolejowy i jego otoczenie - rewitalizacja oparta na wzajemnych relacjach

Smoliński T.

Czasopismo Techniczne. Architektura

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2010

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R. 107, z. 1-A

299-309

PL

W artykule poruszono temat małych dworców kolejowych, problem ich degradacji i izolacji od obszarów zurbanizowanych. Sposobem przeciwdziałania tym tendencjom jest identyfikacja możliwych do zaistnienia relacji, czyli powiązań funkcjonalno-przestrzennych dworca z otoczeniem w celu jego ponownej asymilacji w strukturze lokalnej. Proces ten staje się jednym z narzędzi rewitalizacji, której zasięg równy jest otoczeniu dworca, rozumianemu jako obszar jego potencjalnej obsługi. Wyróżnienie poszczególnych relacji dworzec-otoczenie ułatwia określenie elementarnych transformacji, warunkujących wzbudzenie każdej z nich.

EN

The article considers the matter of small railway stations, problems with their progressive degradation and isolation of urbanized areas. Identification of feasible spatial and functional relations between railway station and its neighbourhood is a way to counteract these tendencies and reassimilate train terminal with local urban structure. The process becomes a tool of revitalization with a range equal to the stations neighbourhood, defined as an area of its possible influence. Specification of particular relations simplifies indication of causing them, essential transformations.