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1

Experimental studies of the thermal regime of the premise while using heating ceramic panels

Basok B. I., Nedbailo O. M., Bozhko K. M., Bozhko I. K., Markin M. O., Markina O. M., Marteniuk V. O.

Archives of Materials Science and Engineering

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2023

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Vol. 124, nr 2

56--61

EN

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to analyse the obtained experimental data, which is advisable to use to verify the thermophysical model of the thermal regime of a separate premise while using ceramic electric heating panels for heating purposes. Design/methodology/approach: The experimental studies were carried out at the scientific thermophysics laboratory with the help of up-to-date equipment (including the design for these studies). After gathering experimental data, it was analysed, and with its help, a CFD model of the thermal regime of the laboratory premise would be verified. Findings: The conducted experimental studies showed that in the artificially created quasi- stationary thermal regime of the laboratory premise, the air temperature varied with height in a small interval. This makes it possible to state that when using ceramic electric heaters as heating devices, the air temperature is relatively evenly distributed over the height of the premise. Research limitations/implications: The research provides original experimental data and findings for further CFD modelling of the thermal regime of the premise while using heating ceramic panels. Practical implications: The mentioned in the paper research methods as well as obtained experimental data, could be used in further studies of modern heating systems. Another use of the results – during the validation of CFD models. Originality/value: The paper includes the design and methodology of creating the original experimental stand for research of the different heating systems types.

2

Four-parameter electromagnetic method for determining the parameters of brewery effluents

Sebko V. V., Pyrozhenko Ye. V., Zashchepkina N. M., Zdorenko V. G., Markina O. M.

Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering

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2022

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Vol. 113, nr 2

49--64

EN

Purpose: of the article is to study a four-parameter electromagnetic method for joint measurements of electrical resistivity k, relative permittivity εr, temperature t and density ρ of samples of acidic, alkaline and average effluents from a microbrewery based on a magnetic flux probe (MFP), which considers the influence of informative parameters of beer effluents on the components of the amplitude and phase signals of a multiparameter device. Design/methodology/approach: The implementation of the four-parameter method is carried out on the basis of the dependences G1 = f (A1) and G2 = f (A2) at two frequencies of the electromagnetic field f0 and f1 for acid, alkaline and average effluent and allows you to jointly determine the four parameters of effluent samples with the same converter in the same control area. The proposed method makes it possible to improve the accuracy of identifying effluent samples since the obtained multiparameter information makes it possible to determine the nature and properties of effluent samples using only one transducer with certain physical characteristics. The research results lead to the expansion of the technical capabilities of electromagnetic measurement methods, as well as to an increase in the metrological characteristics of electromagnetic transducers and an increase in the accuracy of measuring the parameters of effluent samples compared to reference methods and measuring instruments. Thus, the implementation of this approach contributes to the prediction and prevention of the reasons for the deviation of beer effluent samples from the specified indicators of environmental safety. Findings: The universal conversion functions MFP have been established, connecting the amplitude and phase components of the converter signals with the parameters k, εr, t and ρ of acidic, alkaline and average effluents. Based on the universal transformation functions G1 = f (A1) and G2 = f (A2), a four-parameter electromagnetic method for joint measurements of electrical resistivity k, relative permittivity εr, temperature t and density ρ of acidic, alkaline, and average effluents from breweries has been developed. When conducting research at two close frequencies of the electromagnetic field f0 = 20.3 MHz and f1 = 22 MHz, algorithms were obtained for measuring and calculating procedures for determining k, εr, t and ρ for samples of acidic, alkaline and average effluents from the brewing industry. Research limitations/implications: Research perspectives consist in the creation of automated systems for multiparameter measuring control of the physicochemical characteristics of acidic and alkaline effluent from food and processing industries based on the immersed electromagnetic transducer. Based on the data obtained using informative methods to measure the parameters of effluent samples, an integrated method for treating beer effluents of various compositions will be proposed. At the same time, the scheme of the integrated treatment method should include a filter that provides the introduction of a magnetic fluid and a separation device that allows us to remove a fraction, including pollution in itself. Practical implications: Is that the proposed four-parameter electromagnetic method makes it possible to determine to what composition the controlled samples of wastewater should be attributed (acidic or alkaline). It, in turn, makes it possible to choose a rational method for treating beer effluents and to prevent the reasons for the deviation of effluent samples from the environmental safety indicators set by the standards. Originality/value: of the article is the research related to the expansion of the functional and technical capabilities of the electromagnetic two-frequency transducer MFP through the implementation of a four-parameter electromagnetic method of joint measurements of electrical resistivity k, relative permittivity εr, temperature t and density ρ of acidic, alkaline and average effluents from breweries. The universal transformation functions G1 = f (A1) and G2 = f (A2) found in the work at two close magnetic field frequencies, f0 = 20.3 MHz and f1 = 22 MHz, make it possible to control four physicochemical parameters of acidic, alkaline and average wastewater at the same time by the same MFP. An algorithm has been developed for determining the signal components of a two-frequency thermal MFP, the ranges of which correspond to the ranges of changes in electrical resistivity k, relative permittivity εr, temperature t and density ρ of acidic, alkaline, and average brewery effluents. The basic relations that describe the two-frequency four-parameter electromagnetic method of joint measurements of the physicochemical parameters of acidic, alkaline and averaged beer effluents have been obtained.

3

Active system for reduction of noise parameters of car muffler with the use of pressure sensors based on silicon microcrystals

Zinko R.V., Kutrakov A.P., Shybanov S.V., Zashchepkina N.M., Markina O.M.

Archives of Materials Science and Engineering

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2021

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Vol. 109, nr 1

35--41

EN

Purpose: The article contains the results of research and development of a system for active noise damping of an automobile engine. The proposed system of active noise suppression can significantly reduce the sound pressure level in the frequency band up to 500 Hz. The robotic principle of the developed system is based on the addition of an additional buffer tank with a variable volume in the silencer system. The use of high-temperature sensors with strain gauges based on silicon microcrystals to obtain information on the parameters of sound vibrations arising during the exhaust gas outflow made it possible to create a control system for changing the volume of the buffer tank. The results of testing the proposed system of active noise suppression of an internal combustion engine are presented. Design/methodology/approach: The active noise suppression system based on the Helmholtz resonator used tools to control general noise levels, experimental tests, complex mathematical modelling of acoustic processes in Solidworks, taking into account the conditions of propagation and attenuation of sound energy by intermediate closed volumes. Findings: The use of an additional resonator chamber with variable volume in the exhaust muffler of the internal combustion engine allowed to reduce the resonant phenomena in the zone of low-frequency pulsations of exhaust gas pressure from 57 Hz to 43 Hz at frequency drift in the range of 310… 350 Hz, which significantly improved its noise characteristics. Research limitations/implications: For further research, to improve the characteristics of the active noise suppression system, it is advisable to consider the use of several in in transient modes of engine operation. Practical implications: The developed design of active noise reduction is simpler in comparison with analogs and allows reducing the noise of exhaust gases in a low-frequency range. Originality/value: To reduce the noise, a variable-volume Helmholtz resonator was used, the efficiency of which is provided by high-temperature sensors of the original design.

4

Informative testing method of beer sewage samples for mini-breweries

Pyrozhenko Ye. V., Sebko V. V., Zdorenko V. G., Zashchepkina N. M., Markina O. M.

Archives of Materials Science and Engineering

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2020

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Vol. 106, nr 1

28--41

EN

Purpose: of the article is to investigate the theoretical rules of thermal transformer eddy current converter (TTC) during the preparation of ecological monitoring of brewery sewage samples based on the implementation of contactless two-parameter eddy current method of testing of the specific electrical conductivity λt and the temperature t of the beer sewage sample. It should be noted that this makes it possible to simultaneously prevent the causes of beer sewage samples deviation from the specified environmental safety indicators and to take adjustments. Design/methodology/approach: The theory of TTC operation concerning the electrical and temperature characteristics testing of beer sewage samples has been further developed by implement new universal transformation functions Δφt = f (Gt) and Δφ = f (xt), which relate the normalized difference components of the converter signals to physical and chemical characteristics of the sample. Due to this, it is possible to simultaneously prevent the causes of beer sewage samples deviation from the specified ecological safety indicators and to take appropriate adjustments. Findings: The method of two-parameter measuring test of the specific electrical conductivity λt and the temperature t of the beer sewage sample was developed on the basis of new universal transformation functions. Analysing the numerical data of electrical conductivity λ, TDS and pH at the initial temperature t1 = 15°C, the alkaline nature of beer sewage was determined. Research limitations/implications: The frequency range of the magnetic field f = 80-100 MHz, it is difficult to maintain in laboratory conditions, so the proposed method requires the use of modern high-frequency equipment, the radius of the probe depends on the radius of the primary converter frame. And therefore is quite a complicate to find appropriate tank. Practical implications: is to determine the nature of beer sewage based on the results of electrical and temperature parameters measurements during implementing a two-parameter eddy current method, which allows to prevent the reasons for beer sewage samples deviations from the specified environmental safety measures and to take appropriate adjustments. An important practical result is also the determination of the signal components and the normalized characteristics of the primary eddy current converter with a sample of beer sewage. They allow to calculate, design and create multi-parameter automated devices for measuring test of the physicochemical parameters of beer sewage samples. In turn, as a result of the physicochemical composition analysis of the sample, improving the accuracy of measurements of physicochemical parameters - there is an opportunity to improve and create advanced methods of wastewater purification on a weak electrolytic basis. Originality/value: The article originality is the investigation of the theoretical rules of thermal TTC by implementing a new multi-parameter eddy current method of measuring the specific electrical conductivity λt and the temperature t of the beer sewage sample based on the implementation of universal transformation functions Δφt = f (Gt) and Δφ = f (xt) that relate the converter signals to the physicochemical characteristics of the beer sewage sample, which helps to prevent the causes of the beer sewage samples deviation from the specified environmental safety indicators and take appropriate adjustments.

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Identification of the eddy current method features in the implementation of computer simulation algorithms for controlling the characteristics of the food production equipment parts

Zashchepkina N. M., Zdorenko V. G., Sebko V., Markina O. M.

Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering

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2019

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Vol. 97, nr 1

31--40

EN

Purpose: The purpose of this article is to study the theoretical provisions of the operation of a vortex device in the implementation of a non-contact method of controlling the details of brewing equipment using computer simulation algorithms. Design/methodology/approach: The theoretical positions of thermal ECT operation with a copper product are obtained, which is controlled while maintaining a constant value of the magnetic field frequency f1 = 70.0 Hz, with small values of the generalized parameter x≤1.1 and increasing the parameter x due to the increase in the frequency of thermal ECT, that is, at x≥3.5. Findings: On the basis of computer simulation algorithms the results of the joint measuring control of diameter d, electrical resistance ρ and temperature t of the sample made of copper (in the temperature range from 20-160°C) and the results of determination of thermally dependent thermal ECT signals with the sample of equipment details and the values of specific normalized values that relate the ECT signals to the physical and mechanical characteristics of the samples of the equipment being monitored. Research limitations/implications: Product diameters range is 5 mm to 50 mm. The lower boundary is limited by the frequency of the magnetic field f = 20 Hz and the upper boundary by the diameter of the frame of the thermal eddy current transformer transducer is 50 mm. Perspective positions of work require further development in the direction of extending the limits of control of geometrical parameters of the samples due to the use of automated control systems based on overhead eddy current transformer transducers. Practical implications: The practical value of the work is to increase the overall likelihood of control of the parameters of brewing equipment parts by increasing its instrumental component Di, due to the reduction of measurement errors due to instrumental techniques and on the basis of computer modelling algorithms for three-parameter control of parts of brewing equipment, electrical and temperature parameters, allows to obtain the value of the overall control probability Dz = 0.998. Originality/value: The originality of the article is the study of the theoretical provisions of the eddy current transformer transducer and the implementation of a non-contact method of controlling the details of brewing equipment using computer simulation algorithms that take into account the modes of joint three-parameter control: at high values of the generalized parameter x (with three-parameter surface control), at small values of x (while controlling the value of the average cross section geometry, electrical, temperature settings) at a fixed frequency magnetic field (get information on the diameter d, resistivity ρ and temperature t with a certain depth of penetration of the magnetic field in the sample Δ).

6

Ultrasonic method of quality control for textile materials

Zashchepkina N. M., Zdorenko V. G., Tierentyeva N. R., Markina O. M., Markin M. O., Bozhko K. M.

Archives of Materials Science and Engineering

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2019

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Vol. 97, nr 1/2

39--49

EN

Purpose: The ultrasonic amplitude method for controlling the surface texture density of textile materials was first studied and used. Design/methodology/approach: For the first time, the surface texture density has been determined. The research was conducted using the ultrasonic method, rather than by mathematical calculations, which made it possible to invent a new approach to contactless quality control of textile materials. In order to identify the functionality of bicomponent textile material, formed from raw materials with opposite hygroscopic properties, two-layer knitted fabrics were chosen to protect the human respiratory organs. As a hydrophilic type of raw material used yarn with composition is as follows – cotton 34%, flax 33%, viscose 33%, and in the function of a hydrophobic raw material, polypropylene multifilament yarn. Using the ultrasonic method, studies of a new type of knitwear were carried out, the values of the surface density of the material were obtained. Products from this composition provide respiratory protection from dust and comfortable work in the area of road repairs up to 8 hours. Findings: The combination of natural and synthetic materials for individual masks allowed them to be used under different operating conditions. The problem of structure and design of materials was resolved through the use of computer technology and computer-aided design of textiles, and the possibility of applying the ultrasonic amplitude method to control the surface density of textile materials was substantiated. During the analysis of the results of experimental studies, it was found necessary to ensure the uniformity of the physical and mechanical properties of textile materials in the production process. Using the ultrasonic method, the thickness gauge was used to determine the surface density of various materials for the manufacture of personal protective equipment for road maintenance workers. Research limitations/implications: The method of measurement has been tested and has no limitations. However, the study was conducted on samples of textile materials that were manufactured in Ukraine and according to patents of authors. Practical implications: Individual masks for the protection of human respiratory organs are recommended for use by road workers and cyclists. Originality/value: The originality of the results of the article is the experimental data of studies on the content of textile materials and the accuracy of measuring their surface density by an ultrasonic contactless device.

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Single-pulse method for measuring the current-voltage characteristics of solar panels

Bozhko K. M., Zashchepkina N. M., Markin M. O., Markina O. M.

Archives of Materials Science and Engineering

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2019

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Vol. 99, nr 1/2

24--29

EN

Purpose: The purpose of the paper is to substantiate the new method of measuring the voltage-current characteristics of solar batteries based on the use of a digital oscilloscope and a special linear sweep device. Design/methodology/approach: To solve this problem, a test bench was developed on the basis of a solar radiation simulator. Findings: Practically it is proved that within the duration of a single pulse of 40 μs, it is possible to measure the voltage-current characteristics of an SB with a short-circuit current of up to 5.8 A. Research limitations/implications: The method is relevant for all types of solar batteries, but the measurements were carried out on serial samples of mono and polycrystalline silicon with a nominal output power of 30 to 140 W and a voltage of 12 V. Practical implications: The method can find its practical application in the development of an intelligent solar module. The technology of the intelligent module is based on the periodic removal of information on the operational parameters of the solar battery based on the measured voltage-current characteristic. Originality/value: Experimental confirmation of the effectiveness of the single-pulse measurement method of the voltage-current characteristic of a solar battery based on a linear current sweep.

8

Research of illuminating parameters halogen-filled and LED lamp for optoelectronic measuring system

Markina O. M., Tykhan M. O.

Archives of Materials Science and Engineering

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2018

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Vol. 94, nr 1

18--26

EN

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to study and compare the light and technical characteristics of halogen and LED-lamps and to determine the effect of lighting quality on the accuracy of the measurement of the optoelectronic control system for the micrometer sizes of the prescription objects. Design/methodology/approach: The research approach is determined by the analysis and comparison of the lighting characteristics of lamps manufactured for mass production and the detection of the possibility of using these sources for optoelectronic measuring systems for the micrometric range. Lighting characteristics were investigated by the goniophotometric method and the method of the integration sphere. Findings: During the analysis of the results of experimental studies, a discrepancy in the lighting characteristics of the lamps was found compared to those indicated by the manufacturers. This difference in the indicators of the lighting characteristics was: for the light flux 2.92% halogen lamp (13.4% LED); correlated colour temperature by 0.7% halogen lamp (1.6% LED); for current - 7.34% halogen lamp (8.7% LED); for power - 7.31 % halogen lamp (7.54% LED). The accuracy of measuring the size with a halogen lamp is 20 ± 0.96 pm, and with LED - 20 ± 0.23 pm. Research limitations/implications: The result of comparing the accuracy of the measurement for the optoelectronic measuring system of the geometric dimensions is the measure of absolute contrast with the use of LED lighting is four times better than halogen. Practical implications: Using the results of the study of the light characteristics of lamps described in the article, it is possible to improve any optoelectronic measuring system. Originality/value: The originality of the results of the article is the experimental data of the lighting characteristics studies of the lamps used in the optoelectronic measuring system.