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Kościół Mariacki w Krakowie : problem początku i przekształceń architektonicznych w średniowieczu (preliminaria badawcze)

Firlet J., Kadłuczka A., Pianowski Z.

Czasopismo Techniczne. Architektura

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2011

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R. 108, z. 7-A

331--356

PL

Historiografia Kościoła Mariackiego w Krakowie budowana jest co najmniej od dwustu lat, a składają się na nią rezultaty pracy badaczy starszych pokoleń, dysponujących warsztatem naukowym o zróżnicowanym stopniu zaawansowania, oraz młodszych autorów, reprezentujących bardziej udoskonalone metody i narzędzia badawcze. Gdy zatem w 2008 roku we wnętrzu Bazyliki Mariackiej trwał kolejny remont konserwatorski, tym razem dotyczący posadzki, pojawiły się możliwości wejścia do kilku krypt, przy włazach których prowadzone były prace. Autorzy niniejszego artykułu uzyskali wówczas pozwolenie na penetrację czterech krypt, położonych w nawie północnej i południowej kościoła. Kolejna, druga możliwość zaistniała kilka miesięcy później, kiedy to poddano oględzinom zespół trzech krypt, położonych w południowo-zachodniej części Bazyliki. Na tym proces penetracji krypt został w zasadzie zakończony. W niniejszym artykule zrelacjonowano obserwacje poczynione w podziemiach Kościoła Mariackiego, które to zdaniem autorów należy traktować jako inspirację do podjęcia dalszych badań, mogących w sposób obiektywny wyjaśnić najstarsze dzieje świątyni.

EN

The historiography of St Mary’s Church in Kraków has been gathered for at least 200 years by many generations of senior researchers with different levels of research skills, as well as younger authors representing a school based on more improved methods and refined tools. When in 2008 a floor renovation inside the church took place, it opened up a possibility to enter a few of the crypts to which the hatches were worked on. The authors of the article gained then a permission to search through 4 crypts situated in the northern and southern naves of the church. Another opportunity arose a few months later, when an examination was carried out on a complex of 3 crypts situated in the south-west part of the church. The observations presented in the article were done in the vaults of the St Mary’s Church, and according to its authors they should be treated as an inspiration for further research, which may boost the degree of objectivity concerning the earliest historical period of the church.

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Wawel około roku 1250

Pianowski Z.

Wiadomości Konserwatorskie

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2007

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Nr 21

11--14

PL

Wiek XIII w dziejach rezydencji książęcej na Wawelu obfituje w wydarzenia natury politycznej, wiążące się z walkami o tron wielkoksiążęcy w Krakowie, kolejnymi najazdami tatarskimi i wreszcie opanowaniem Małopolski przez Wacława II Czeskiego w roku 12911. Jednakże w sferze materialnej okres ten był do niedawna niemal nieuchwytny dla archeologów i badaczy architektury, oprócz niezbyt licznych znalezisk przedmiotów ruchomych, które - z większym lub mniejszym prawdopodobieństwem - można byłoby odnosić do XIII stulecia.

EN

Thirteenth century in the history of the prince's residence at Wawel rich in events of a political nature, involving the struggles of the ducal throne in Krakow, successive invasions of Tatar and finally mastery of Malopolska by Wenceslaus II of Bohemia in the year 12911.

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Application of Dialkyltin Hydrides Containing the Chiral 2-(4-Isopropyl-2-oxazolinyl)-5-phenyl Ligand in Radical Cyclizations at the Steady State

Pianowski Z., Staliński K.

Polish Journal of Chemistry

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2005

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Vol. 79 / nr 4

721-729

EN

New N-coordinated dimethyl and di-n-butyl tin hydrides containing the oxazole moiety appeared to be useful in radical cyclizations of acyclic dihalides at the steady state. Both the hydrides were prepared in three steps starting from (-)-(S)-(2-bromophenyl)- 4-isopropyl-4,5-dihydrooxazole. The advantages of the hydrides are at least twofold. First, a resolution of the radical intermediates allows generating higher stereomeric excess than in the case of commercially available hydrides. Second, tin by-products are easily removed.

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Wawel przedromański i romański. Uwagi o procesie transformacji architektonicznej

Pianowski Z.

Czasopismo Techniczne. Architektura

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2003

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R. 100, z. 9-A

223--236

EN

Architectural research, excavations and lately archaeological and architectural, carried out on the Wawel hill, gave a considerable amount of information concerning the changes of land development occurring within the city and then the Kraków castle. Accumulation of discoveries and observations allows one to try and discuss wider phenomena, including the transition from stylistic and workshop formation into another. The transformation of pre-Romanesque Wawel into the Romanesque one constitutes the first stage of this process. The quantitative composition itself of the pre-Romanesque and Romanesque buildings discovered on Wawel hill convinces us that we have to do with a metropolis center of exceptional meaning, extending far beyond the place, which was ascribed to Kraków by scarce historical sources. The formal differentiation of the oldest objects proves both the wide needs in the scope of functions, and the vigour of investment action undertaken on the Wawel hill by the first historical rulers. The process of reshaping architecture in the places of intense settlement and accumulation of various functions is obviously a natural phenomenon. What is interesting, on the other hand, are the reasons of the changes of specific buildings in a purely technical aspect, and also in a wider historical context. The present sketch present the author's view of the above questions, resulting from, first of all, observation of the terrain, carried out during many years of archaeological and architectural researches.

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Przemiany architektury rezydencji monarszej oraz katedry na Wawelu w świetle nowych badań

Firlet J., Pianowski Z.

Kwartalnik Architektury i Urbanistyki

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1999

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T. 44, z. 4

207-237

EN

Since 1981 the authors have conducted archeological and architectural investigations in the area of the Royal Residence and Cathedral. The research objective was complete earlier findings and to verify former opinions about the changes in architecture of both monuments. In the area of the Royal Residence the successive phases of its developments have been investigated: pre-Romanesque edifices (relics of the cellarium and the chappel(?), and Romanesque buildinges (palatium with a chapel, the palace basilica, fortified tower). The former reconstruction scheme of the Gothic residence (the upper castle) has been verified and completed. Details concerning phases of construction of the royal palace in the early Renaisance period have been settled. When carrying out investigitation in the Cathedral, very important discoveries have been made and these include:relics of presumably a wooden church (before 1000?),fragments of pre-Romanesque or early -Romanesque basilica (first half of the 11th c. The pre-Romanesque rotunda (near the Cathedral - baptysterium?) from the beginning of the 11th century later rebuilt (12th century) as a church with a rectangular choir, has also been investigated. An accurate plan of the Romanesque Cathedral (end of the 11th and first half of the 12th century) has been worked out, and it differes in mamy details from the previous reconstructions. Unexpectedly, some relics of the walls have been uncovered, which testifies to several attempts at rebuilding the Romanesque presbitery of the basilica (before 1320)