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Physicochemical Properties of Silt Loamy Soil and Diversity of Diatom Species Under Winter Wheat and Oats

Stanek-Tarkowska J., Czyż E. A., Kaniuczak J., Poradowska A.

Journal of Ecological Engineering

2017

Vol. 18, nr 6

142--151

The aim of the research was to investigate the soil properties and the species diversity of diatoms growing in different agricultural fields with silt loamy soil. The field experiment was conducted in 2014 in Kosina, near Łańcut (SE Poland), at three sites (indicated as fields K1, K2, K3) with different soil environmental conditions and plants. The growth of winter wheat Triticum aestivum (cv. Bogatka) in fields K1 and K2 and oats Avena Sativa (cv. Haker) in field K3 under different soil management were studied. The soil samples were collected from the top layers (0–5 cm depth) each month, from April to December. Certain physical and chemical parameters of soil were measured. The pH of soil was acidic and slightly acidic in fields K1 (5.0–5.4), K2 (4.9–5.9) and K3 (4.5–5.1). The soil in field K3 had a significantly greater content of organic matter (1.06–1.30%) and water content (12.9–33.8%, v/v) than fields K1 and K2. A total of 91 diatom taxa were found. The diversity was greatest in field K2 (71 taxa), lower in K1 (54 taxa) and K3 (24 taxa). In K1, the most numerous species were Luticola D.G. Mann cf. mutica, Mayamaea atomus var. permitis (Hust.) Lange-Bertalot, and Stauroneis thermicola (Petersen) Lund, with more than a 20% share in the assemblage. In K2, very abundant assemblages were formed by Mayamaea atomus (Kütz.) Lange Bertalot, Mayamaea atomus var. permitis (Hust.) Lange-Bertalot, and Stauroneis thermicola (Petersen) Lund with a 25 to 50% share in the total diatom community. In K3, with oat cultivation, a different diatom species structure was found. Here, the most abundant were Halamphora montana (Krasske) Levkov, Hantzchia amphioxys (Ehrenb.) Grunow, Mayamaea atomus (Kütz.) Lange-Bertalot, and Nitzschia pusilla Grunow, which attained a share in the assemblage exceeding than 20%. The effects of different soil management regimes under different plants on the physical and chemical properties of the soil, and on the diversity of diatoms, were significant (P<0.05). Soil water and organic matter content affects the yield of winter wheat and oats. Significant effects of water content and pH of silt loamy soil on the growth and the diversity of species of diatoms were found.

Ilościowa i przestrzenna charakterystyka podatności na destrukcję gleb użytków rolnych w Polsce

Czyż E. A.

Inżynieria Rolnicza

2005

R. 9, nr 3

15--22

W pracy przedstawiono ilościową i przestrzenną charakterystykę podatności na destrukcję gleb użytków rolnych w Polsce, określoną na podstawie zawartości łatwo-dyspergującego iłu RDC (readily-dispersible clay) w warstwie ornej, przy zastosowaniu turbidimetru firmy HACH 2100AN. Obliczono równania pedotransferu danych glebowych, określające wysoce istotną zależność zawartości łatwo-dyspergującego iłu od zawartości iłu koloidalnego i substancji organicznej. W oparciu o bazę danych znajdującą się w IUNG Puławy, obejmującą 40900 gleb Polski i program GIS – ArcView (3.2) wykonano przestrzenne opracowanie danych w postaci numerycznej mapy podatność gleb Polski na destrukcję. Stwierdzono, że gleby użytków rolnych w wydzielonych pięciu klasach podatności gleb na destrukcję w stosunku do całego obszaru użytków rolnych Polski 18435687 ha (100%) zajmują następującą powierzchnię (ha, %): I. gleby bardzo silnie podatne - 264 582 ha (1,4%); II. silnie podatne - 11 008 559 ha (59,7%); III. podatne - 6 891 638 ha (37,4%); IV. słabo podatne - 229 664 ha (1,3%); V. bardzo słabo podatne - 41 243 ha (0,2%).

The research was conducted on the basis of soil samples collected from arable layer (0-20 cm) from throughout Poland. The aim of the research was to estimate the sensitivity of soil for destruction in terms of the quantity of readily dispersible clay (RDC). The amount of clay, which is readily dispersible in water, was determined by a turbidimetric method in which the amount of light scattered from a suspension is measured. RDC was measured using a HACH 2100AN turbidimeter. Particle size distribution, organic matter content, water content, and exchangeable cations Ca, Mg, K and Na were also measured. A pedo-transfer function was developed which enabled prediction of RDC in terms of soil clay and organic matter contents. With a database of 40,900 Polish soils in GIS, a digital map (scale 1:1 000 000) was prepared showing predicted values of the sensitivity of Polish soils to destruction. This was done from all 16 voivodeships and for all Poland. In relation to all agricultural land (18435686ha=100%) soil was grouped in terms of its the following sensitivity classes: very high sensitivity – 1,4%; high sensitivity – 59,7%; sensitive – 37,4%; low sensitivity – 1,3%; very low sensitivity – 0,2%.