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Activation of the operational ecohydrodynamic model (3D CEMBS) : the ecosystem module

Dzierzbicka-Głowacka L., Janecki M., Nowick A., Jakacki J.

Oceanologia

2013

No. 55 (3)

543--572

The paper describes the ecohydrodynamic predictive model - the ecosystem module - for assessing the state of the Baltic marine environment and the Baltic ecosystem. The Baltic Sea model 3D CEMBS (the Coupled Ecosystem Model of the Baltic Sea) is based on the Community Earth System Model, which was adopted for the Baltic Sea as a coupled sea-ice-ecosystem model. The 3D CEMBS model uses: (i) hydrodynamic equations describing water movement, (ii) thermodynamic equations, (iii) equations describing the concentration distribution of chemical variables in the sea, and (iv) equations describing the exchange of matter between individual groups of organisms and their environment that make allowance for the kinetics of biochemical processes. The ecosystem model consists of 11 main components: three classes of phytoplankton (small phytoplankton, large phytoplankton represented mainly by diatoms and summer species, mostly cyanobacteria) expressed in units of carbon and chlorophyll a as separate variables, zooplankton, pelagic detritus, dissolved oxygen and nutrients (nitrate, ammonium, phosphate and silicate). In operational mode, 48-hour atmospheric forecasts provided by the UM model from the Interdisciplinary Centre for Mathematical and Computational Modelling of Warsaw University (ICM) are used. All model forecasts are available on the website http://deep.iopan.gda.pl/CEMBaltic/new_lay/index.php. The results presented in this paper show that the 3D CEMBS model is operating correctly.

The physical mechanism of seismic electric signals

Varotsos P., Hadjicontis V., Nowick A.

Acta Geophysica Polonica

2001

Vol. 49, nr 4

415-421

Seismic Electric Signals are low frequency (< 0.1 Hz) transient electrical variations that precede earthquakes, with a lead-time ranging from several hours to a few weeks. In order to better analyze and interpret these signals, it is important to understand the physical mechanism that gives rise to them. The present paper is aimed at that objective. Specifically, we claim that the deformation-induced charge flow phenomenon, discovered more than 40 years ago, could provide the explanation for various aspects of these signals.