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Development and Practical Testing of the Zonal-Indicative Methodology for Assessing the Impact of Industrial Enterprises on the State of Atmospheric Air Pollution

Bakharev Volodymyr, Chugai Angelina, Soloshych Iryna, Kortsova Olena

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2023

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Vol. 24, iss. 2

11--18

EN

The article provides the general provisions and features of the application of the zonal-indicative methodology for assessing the impact on the state of the atmospheric air of enterprises from local industrial complexes and its practical approbation. A unified approach to determining the zones of negative influence of industrial objects and their groups on the state of atmospheric air is proposed. Analytical dependencies have been established to determine the physical and linear dimensions of the influence zones. The peculiarities of the method of determining “marker” substances for the conditions of formation of the level of atmospheric pollution due to the activity of local industrial complexes are characterized. An algorithm for implementing the method is proposed, which includes procedures for selecting marker substances of the first order (impact), second order (basic), and third order (specific). Significant parameters for the selection procedure of marker substances and the conditions for differentiating emission sources are substantiated, which allows to ensure the effectiveness of the practical implementation of the method. Approbation of the proposed zonal-indicative methodology was carried out on the example of the Kryukiv Carriage Plant, which is part of the local industrial hub in the southern part of Kremenchuk. The calculation of zones of probable influence and other parameters necessary for the application of the indicative evaluation method was carried out. The inverse problem “technological process – marker substance” has been solved. Measurement points of the maximum one-time surface concentrations of pollutants have been determined. Analytical processing of the results of calculation studies and laboratory (including field) observations was carried out. The obtained calculated values of surface concentrations made it possible to determine the substantiated maximum possible contribution of the object to the formation of the general level of atmospheric air pollution in the southern microdistricts of Kremenchuk. In particular, it was established that the level of acceptability of the possible negative impact should be determined based on the results of calculations of the dispersion of marker pollutants in atmospheric air without taking into account background concentrations.

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Assessment of the Risks of Toxic Effects of Atmospheric Air Pollution for Humans (on the Example of Cities in Southern Ukraine)

Kolіsnyk Alla, Chugai Angelina, Mozgovyy Andriy, Soloshych Iryna

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2023

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Vol. 24, iss. 6

147--154

EN

The significance of the research lies in the fact that atmospheric air is one of the vital components of the natural environment, and a high level of atmospheric pollution can cause toxic effects on human health. Therefore, an important and necessary task is to assess the negative impact of atmospheric air pollution on human health using certain methodological approaches. The aforementioned impact can manifest itself through carcinogenic and immunotoxic, that is, chronic effects. The possibility of solving the task is provided by the „Methodology for assessing the risks of toxic effects on human health from atmospheric air pollution”, which is based on the use of a linear-exponential thresholdless model. The research aimed to assess the risks of toxic effects from atmospheric air pollution in the cities of southern Ukraine for the population. The specified methodical approach allows for establishing the level of safety of city dwellers under the conditions of polluted atmospheric air. According to the results of the assessment of the carcinogenic risk of chronic intoxication of the population of four cities in the south of Ukraine in 2015–2020, it was established that the highest level of total risk from atmospheric air pollution was observed in the city of Odesa. The total risk index at maximum exposure for the city of Zaporizhia is lower compared to Odesa. In 2019–2020, a slight increase in the risk of intoxication of the population of the city of Zaporizhia was noted. The level of total risk of chronic intoxication of the population in the city of Kherson according to average indicators is lower than in the city of Zaporizhia. The level of danger for the population in the city of Mykolaiv is the lowest; there was a clear trend of reducing the risk of intoxication during the study period. The safest conditions for the population are in the city of Mykolaiv.

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Methodical Bases for Taking into Account the Impact of Air Pollution on the Population Lifespan on the Example of the City of Odessa, Ukraine

Kolіsnyk Alla, Chugai Angelina, Chernyakova Oksana, Kuzmina Viktoriia

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2022

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Vol. 23, iss. 3

40--46

EN

The scientifically substantiated "dose-effect" relationship suggests that air pollutants increase the risks of reducing the population lifespan, especially in the industrialized areas and urban ecosystems. A characteristic manifestation of such negative impact consequences is an increase in the level of the population incidence rate and, as a consequence, shortening the lifespan. The paper evaluates and analyzes the impact of air pollution on the Odessa population lifespan. The influence of the city priority air pollutants on the lifespan of the population in the areas of the stationary observation points was considered. Based on the results of assessing the risk of being in the polluted air conditions for three age categories for each observation point, the hazard categories of individual pollutants were determined. In general, of all the pollutants in the air basin of Odessa, the content of carbon monoxide and phenol has the greatest impact on shortening the lifespan of the population.

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Fluorides as an Indicator of Physiological Completeness of Mineral Composition of Drinking Waters of Separate Regions of Ukraine

Grynova Maryna, Safranov Tamerlan, Chugai Angelina, Grynyov Roman, Soloshych Iryna, Velychko Ruslana

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2022

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Vol. 23, iss. 2

41--49

EN

More than 80% of human diseases are related to the drinking water quality. In Ukraine, up to 80% of surface water bodies, according to official data, are unsuitable as sources of drinking water. A significant part of groundwater is supplied to consumers with significant deviations from quality standards. The urgency of the work is due to the need to assess the physiological value of the mineral composition of drinking water in some regions of Ukraine, in particular the content of fluoride in surface and groundwater sources. The paper evaluated the level of fluoride balance as a possible factor influencing the health of the population of certain regions of Ukraine. In Ukraine, there are four main geochemical regions in terms of fluoride content in drinking water (from very low concentrations of fluoride to high content). On the example of Odessa and Poltava regions, it was noted that the foci of endemic pathology are usually concentrated in the area of development of adverse natural or man-made processes. Both deficiency and excess of fluorides are important factors in shaping the health of the population, which determines the rationale for fluoridation or fluoridation of drinking water. Depending on the components of the environmental risk of high or low fluoride content, comprehensive caries and fluorosis prevention schemes were also recommended.

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Adapting the Methods for Assessing a Water Quality when Normalizing the Pollutant Discharges in Ukraine to the Regulatory Requirements of the European Union

Yurasov Sergey, Safranov Tamerlan, Chugai Angelina, Kuryanova Svetlana, Artvykh Julia

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2022

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Vol. 23, iss. 3

167--176

EN

The article presents general positions and features of a water quality assessment according to the norms of the European Union (EU), shows their difference from the national (Ukrainian) standards. It is proposed to improve the Ukrainian standards for assessing a water quality in accordance with the EU standards. On the example of the Danube and the Dniester rivers, a chronological variability of the water quality indicators is considered, the time trends of the indicators are approximated and the parameters of their distribution laws are determined. The following dependences are established: when approximating the distribution of the indicators it is better to use the lognormal law; an indicators time trend is reflected more accurately by the exponential dependence; a lognormal distribution of a trend-normalized indicator can be formally considered as one-parameter (one of the parameters – an average value of the logarithms of the normalized series – is zero). It is shown that for the previous period of time and in the future when normalizing the discharges of pollutants together with wastewater, a water quality assessment in the control points of the water bodies will meet the requirements of the EU standards on a frequency of exceeding the maximum permissible concentrations with the security which is equal to 5 or 10% depending on the purpose of the water body (5% – for fishery facilities, 10% – for drinking and recreational water use facilities).

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Assessing the Impact of the Motor Transport Enterprises on the State of Urban Ecosystems (with the Example of Activity of the Kremenchug Motor Transport Enterprise, Ukraine)

Soloshych Iryna, Chugai Angelina, Ilina Valentyna, Pochtovyuk Svеtlana

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2021

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Vol. 22, iss. 6

53--60

EN

The growth in the number of road transport is an integral part of Ukraine’s development. At the same time, this is a significant negative factor affecting urban ecosystems. In the paper, the most significant aspects and criteria for their evaluation were identified to assess the negative impact of the transport company on the urban ecosystem. The impact of the Kremenchuk Motor Transport Enterprise on the urban ecosystem of the city of Kremenchuk (Poltava region) was assessed. The main pollutants in the region’s air basin are stationary sources. However, the predominant sources of air pollution are emissions from mobile sources. The criteria for assessing the level of environmental safety of a motor transport enterprise were improved. The "Comprehensive assessment of the level of environmental safety of the motor transport enterprise" software tool was developed. It was established that under modern conditions, the level of environmental safety of the motor transport enterprise corresponds to the level of average safety. Comprehensive measures were proposed to ensure the regulatory status of the components of the urban ecosystem and environmental safety on the territory of the Kremenchuk Motor Transport Enterprise.

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Assessment of Technogenic Loading on the Surface Water Bodies of the Separate Regions of the North-Western Black Sea

Chugai Angelina, Safranov Tamerlan

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2020

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Vol. 21, nr 5

197--201

EN

The assessment of surface water quality and technogenic loading on the separate regions of the North-Western Black Sea, namely the Mykolaiv region, was performed in this work. The water quality assessment was conducted using the graphical method that allows determining the suitability of water for the certain types of water using, as well as the method of calculating a water pollution combinatorial index. The estimation of the technogenic loading is based on calculating a technogenic loading module. It was found that the surface waters of the Mykolaiv region do not meet the requirements of fisheries in relation to most quality indicators. According to various standards, this surface water quality in this region is characterized by the “polluted” – “very dirty” categories. A reduction of the technogenic loading by the volume of wastewater discharges since 2006 can be determined. According to the pollutant discharge indicators, a steady decrease of the level of loading has been noted since 2005, which is caused by a reduction of wastewater discharges.