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Department of General Geology and Geotourism

Doktor M., Mayer W.

Geology, Geophysics and Environment

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2016

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Vol. 42, no. 2

211--217

2

Criteria of geotourism valorization specified for various recipients

Doktor M., Miśkiewicz K., Welc E. M., Mayer W.

Geotourism / Geoturystyka

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2015

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nr 3-4

25--34 [tekst ang.], 35--38 [tekst pol.]

EN

The following paper presents methodology of valorization of geotourism objects adapted to meet the expectations and needs of various groups of potential recipients: tourists (casual, witting, hobbyist), educators (school teachers, academic staff, guides, organizers) and investors (owners, managers). Any geotourism object can be valorized using four principal categories of criteria: visual, cognitive, functional and investing. Each category is evaluated separately and selection of particular criteria depends on the needs of given recipient.

PL

W artykule zaproponowano sposób waloryzacji obiektów geoturystycznych uwzględniający potrzeby potencjalnych odbiorców: turystów (przypadkowy, świadomy, pasjonat), edukatorów (nauczyciel szkolny i akademicki, przewodnik, organizator turystyki specjalistycznej), inwestorów (właściciel, zarządca). Na ocenę obiektu składają się cztery główne kryteria: wartość wizualna, wartość poznawcza, wartość użytkowa oraz warunki i potrzeby inwestycyjne. Każde z kryteriów oceniane jest osobno, a o ważności i doborze kryterium decyduje samodzielnie odbiorca waloryzacji.

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Preliminary results of sulphur isotope studies on sulfides from selected ore deposits and occurrences in the Karkonosze–Izera Massif (the Sudety Mts., Poland)

Mayer W., Jędrysek M.O., Górka M., Drzewicki W., Mochnacka K., Pieczka A.

Mineralogia

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2012

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Vol. 43, iss. 3/4

213--222

EN

Preliminary sulphur isotope data are presented for selected ore deposits and occurrences in the Karkonosze-Izera Massif, namely, polymetallic mineralization sites at Budniki, Ciechanowice, Izerskie Garby and Sowia Dolina, and the pyrite deposit at Wieściszowice. The data reveal two populations of δ34S values: from 2.74 to 3.95‰ (pyrrhotites and pyrites in Sowia Dolina, and some pyrites in Wieściszowice) and from 0.79 to 1.8‰ (pyrites in Budniki, Ciechanowice and Izerskie Garby, and some pyrites from Wieściszowice). All of the data are indicative of endogenic sulphur typical of hydrothermal mineralization despite the genetic differences between the sites.

4

Ore mineralization in the Miedzianka area (Karkonosze-Izera Massif, the Sudetes, Poland): new information

Mochnacka K., Oberc-Dziedzic T., Mayer W., Pieczka A.

Mineralogia

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2012

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Vol. 43, iss. 3/4

155--178

EN

The Miedzianka mining district has been known for ages as a site of polymetallic ore deposits with copper and, later, uranium as the main commodities. Although recently uneconomic and hardly accessible, the Miedzianka ores attract Earth scientists due to the interesting and still controversial details of their ore structure, mineralogy and origin. Our examination of the ore mineralization from the Miedzianka district was based exclusively on samples collected from old mining dumps located in the vicinity of Miedzianka and Ciechanowice, and on samples from the only available outcrop in Przybkowice. In samples from the Miedzianka field, chalcopyrite, pyrite, galena, bornite, chalcocite, digenite, arsenopyrite, magnetite, sphalerite, tetrahedrite-tennantite, bornite, hematite, martite, pyrrhotite, ilmenite, cassiterite and covellite are hosted in quartz-mica schists and in coarse-grained quartz with chlorite. In the Ciechanowice field, the ore mineralization occurs mainly in strongly chloritized amphibolites occasionally intergrown with quartz and, rarely, with carbonates. Other host-rocks are quartz-chlorite schist and quartzites. Microscopic examination revealed the presence of chalcopyrite, pyrite, sphalerite, galena, tetrahedrite-tennantite, bismuthinite, native Bi, arsenopyrite, löllingite, cassiterite, cobaltite, gersdorffite, chalcocite, cassiterite, bornite, covellite, marcasite and pyrrhotite. Moreover, mawsonite and wittichenite were identified for the first time in the district. In barite veins cross-cutting the greenstones and greenschists in Przybkowice, we found previously-known chalcopyrite, chalcocite and galena. The composition of the hydrothermal fluids is suggested to evolved through a series of consecutive systems characterized, in turn, by Ti-Fe-Sn, Fe- As-S, Fe-Co-As-S, Cu-Zn-S and, finally, Cu-Pb-Sb-As-Bi compositions.

5

Isotopic Re-Os age of molybdenite from the Szklarska Poręba Huta Quarry (Karkonosze, SW Poland)

Mayer W., Creaser R. A., Mochnacka K., Oberc-Dziedzic T., Pieczka A.

Geological Quarterly

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2012

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Vol. 56, No 3

505--512

EN

New Re/Os isotopic data for molybdenite from the Szklarska Poręba Huta Quarry provide ages of 307 ± 2 Ma and 309 ± 2 Ma, respectively. The quarry is dominated by the porphyritic (“central”) and equigranular (“ridge”) varieties of the Karkonosze granite. Ore mineralisation hosted in aplogranite includes an assemblage of sulphides, sulphosalts, oxides and various rare phases. The molybdenite ages obtained are consistent with a previously published isotopic age of leucogranite (aplogranite?) from the same quarry and are only slightly older than a recently published, refined 2 6Pb/238U age of untreated zircons from the Szklarska Poręba Huta porphyritic granite. The age of the molybdenite corresponds moderately well to the younger stage of post-magmatic, pneumatolitic/hydrothermal activity of the Karkonosze granite (about 312 Ma).

6

Geoturystyka - interdyscyplinarna specjalnooeć kształcenia

Słomka T., Mayer W.

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2011

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Vol. 59, nr 4

329-329

EN

The new understanding of geotourism includes not only the visits to abiotic nature objects but their broad cognition, from geological structure and history, through landforms development, environmental problems, nature protection, impact on economic growth of the region up to historical and cultural contexts. The aim of such broad attempt is to better understand the relationships between geological structure, landforms, land development, history, economics and culture (including the aesthetic impressions of visitors) of a geosite and region in which it is located. Such hollistic attempt generates the demand for a new type of specialist. His education should integrate the knowledge of the Earth and environmental sciences, tourism industry theory and practice, basics of economy, finances, law, history and cultural heritage of the region together with the abilities of interpersonal communication and transfer of knowledge in a way understandable for non-professionals. The authors present the history and recent practice of geotourism education at the Faculty of Geology, Geophysics and Environment Protection of the AGH University of Science and Technology in Kraków.

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Studies on magnetite and pyrite mineralization, and on their early Palaeozoic ocean-floor host-rocks from the Leszczyniec Unit (West Sudetes, Poland)

Oberc-Dziedzic T., Mochnacka K., Mayer W., Pieczka A., Creaser R. A., Góralski M.

Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae

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2011

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Vol. 81, No 2

133-160

EN

The Leszczyniec Unit extends along the eastern margin of the Karkonosze-Izera Massif. It comprises the Early Palaeozoic, MORB-like Leszczyniec complex composed of metabasites, metagranites and metasedi- ments. The metabasites host magnetite mineralization encountered in Jarkowice, whereas near Wieściszowice village the pyrite deposit occurs in metasediments and metabasites. The common feature of both sites is the almost complete absence of the accompanying ore minerals. Basing on petrographic, mineralogical, geochemical and microstructural studies, it was found that the metabasic rocks, which host magnetite mineralization, were lava flows, whereas the protoliths of pyrite-bearing schists were basic and acid tuffites accompanied by ocean-floor basalts. The igneous rocks from the Leszczyniec Unit were subjected to the ocean-floor metamorphism, whereas the accompanying sediments were altered by hydrothermal fluids enriched in sulphur ions, which reacted with iron derived from the sediment and promoted crystallization of pyrite. The sources of hydrothermal fluids were adjacent magmatic centres. The estimated age ~480 Ma for pyrite (Re-Os method) is similar to the previously known ~500 Ma age of metabasites (U-Pb, zircon method) from the Leszczyniec Unit, which establishes a temporal link between pyrite accumulation and the ocean-floor environment. The rocks of the Leszczyniec Unit, first altered by the ocean-floor metamorphism and the hydrothermal fluids, were subsequently subjected to the regional metamorphism at 360–340 Ma and the two-stage deformations of various intensities, followed by the third stage of deformations which caused the reorientation of the regional foliation. The zones of ductile and brittle deformations connected with the second deformation event host the accumulations of magnetite formed at the expense of Fe-bearing rock-forming minerals or from iron supplied from adjacent sources. In the pyrite-bearing schists, mineral assemblages formed during the hydrothermal alteration have been subjected to recrystallization and were included into domains defining foliation and lineation, which formed during the first stage of deformation. Pyrite crystals were affected by both deformation stages. At the end of the second stage, the invasion of fluids led to the dissolution of pyrite crystals and to the filling of cracks in pyrite crystals with chalcopyrite and tennantite. This process was followed by the formation of quartz veins with minor amounts of ore minerals.

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Koncepcja projektu: "Geostrada Sudecka - studium geologiczno-krajobrazowe z inwentaryzacją obiektów dziedzictwa przyrody nieożywionej"

Słomka T., Bartuś T., Mastej W., Łodziński M., Mayer W., Stefaniuk M., Doktor M., Koźma J., Cwojdziński S., Stachowiak A.

Geoturystyka

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2009

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nr 4

3-18

PL

Celem niniejszej pracy jest prezentacja studium geologiczno-krajobrazowego z inwentaryzacją obiektów dziedzictwa przyrody nieożywionej dla obszaru Sudetów, wzdłuż proponowanej trasy turystyczno-rekreacyjnej, nazwanej Geostradą Sudecką im. Leszka Sawickiego. Poprzez inwentaryzację, opis oraz propozycje zagospodarowania wytypowanych obiektów geoturystycznych położonych wzdłuż trasy, Geostrada przyczyni się do przybliżenia skomplikowanych zagadnień geologii Sudetów turyście nie znającemu podstaw geologii. Wykorzystując przejezdne drogi, ustalono przebieg Geostrady wzdłuż głównych grzbietów górskich Sudetów po obu stronach granicy polsko-czeskiej, promując przy tym mało znane, ale atrakcyjne rejony Sudetów i ich przedpola. Przebieg polskich odcinków Geostrady (łącznie ok. 285 km) wyznaczono w taki sposób, aby w pasie o szerokości 10 km (5 km po obu stronach Geostrady) znalazło się jak najwięcej najatrakcyjniejszych geoturystycznie obiektów dziedzictwa geologiczno-górniczego, do których można dojechać lub dojść pieszo.

EN

The aim of the paper is presentation of geological and landscape studies with the inventarization of abiotic nature objects located along proposed trail "The Leszek Sawicki Sudetic Geostrada". Through detailed descriptions of the trail and proposals of development of selected, most attractive geosites of geological-mining heritage, the project should aim to spread geological knowledge of the Sudety Mts. among the non professionals. Using the passable roads, the trail was led along the main ridges of the Sudety Mts. in both the Polish and the Czech parts, through less popular and rarely visited but also interesting parts of the Sudety Mts. and their foreland. Polish parts of the Geostrada (ca 285 km) were such determined to reach as much the most attractive geosites as possible in the 10-kilometers-wide zone (+/- 5 km from both sides of the trail).

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Atrakcje geoturystyczne Geostrady Zachodniosudeckiej

Łodziński M., Mayer W., Stefaniuk M., Bartuś T., Mastej W.

Geoturystyka

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2009

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nr 4

19-42

PL

W artykule przedstawione zostały wybrane wyniki prac wykonanych w zachodniej części Geostrady Sudeckiej. Przeanalizowany został przebieg Geostrady Zachodniosudeckiej na tle geomorfologii i budowy geologicznej. Trasa ta okrąża szerokim łukiem od północy główne pasma Gór Izerskich i Karkonoszy oraz Kotlinę Jeleniogórską a dalej biegnie przez wschodnią i południową część Rudaw Janowickich. Przebiega ona w większości w obrębie ekshumowanej (odsłoniętej) osłony metamorficznej (skał otaczających) batolitu Karkonoszy (ciała magmowego, powstałego w wyniku zakrzepnięcia magmy wewnątrz skorupy ziemskiej), bogatej w liczne wystąpienia mineralizacji rudnej. Przedstawiony został opis obiektów geomorfologicznych i geologicznych, pozostałości dawnej eksploatacji górniczej oraz oceniona została ich atrakcyjność turystyczna. Obszerniej opisane zostały wybrane, szczególnie atrakcyjne obiekty: formy geomorfologiczne, odsłonięcia interesujących kompleksów skalnych, struktur tektonicznych i pozostałości dawnego górnictwa złóż rud cyny w rejonie Krobicy-Kotliny-Gierczyna-Przecznicy oraz złóż uranu w Kowarach.

EN

The paper presents selected results of the "Western Sudetic Geostrada" - a project, currently in preparation, which merges geosites, biotic nature objects, historical monuments and tourist infrastructure into a coherent tourist trail. The trail avoids main roads and famous tourist centers, leading to the less known parts of the Western Sudety Mts. and their foreland. Precisely, the "Western Sudetic Geostrada" runs around the main range of the Isera Mountains, surrounds from the north the Karkonosze Range and the Jelenia Góra Trough, and heads through the eastern and southern part of the Rudawy Janowickie Range. From geological point of view the trail runs through the exposed part of the exhumed i metamorphic envelope the Karkonosze granite intrusion rich in numerous deposits and occurrences of ore mineralization. The selected geomorphological and geological objects and regions were described in details along with the relies of past mining operations and their tourist attractiveness were evaluated. Some especially attractive objects i.e. geomorphological forms, outcrops of interesting lithologic complexes, tectonic structures and remnants of past ore mining (tin mining in Krobica-Kotlina-Gierczyn-Przecznica area and uranium mining in Kowary) were described in details.

10

New insights into the mineralization of the Czarnów ore deposit (West Sudetes, Poland)

Mochnacka K., Oberc-Dziedzic T., Mayer W., Pieczka A., Góralski M.

Geologia Sudetica

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2009

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Vol. 41

43-56

EN

This paper provides new data on the mineralogy and mineral chemistry of the Czarnów ore deposit, a polymetallic vein that occurs within the eastern envelope of the Karkonosze Pluton (West Sudetes). New data are also provided on the deposits' geothermometry, mineral succession, and origins. The Czarnów ore vein is about 500 m long, strikes SW-NE, dips 80° SE and continues to a depth of 200 m. It is hosted within the albite-mica schists, quartzofeldspathic rocks and striped amphibolites that comprise the Czarnów Schist Formation (CSF); its western part is composed of almost monomineral arsenopyrite, whereas the southwestern part locally contains a pyrrhotite lens that extends downwards. Although many types of sulphides, sulphoarsenides, sulphosalts and native phases accompanied by oxides and arsenates have been previously reported, this paper describes four minerals that have not been previously identified from the Czarnów deposit: ferrokësterite, ikunolite, bismite and pentlandite. Geothermometry data suggest formation temperatures of arsenopyrite between 551 °C and 420 °C and that of sphalerite between about 400 °C to about 200 °C. Fluid inclusion data from vein quartz gave homogenization temperatures between 430 °C and 150 °C. Integrat on of textural and other data suggests the following primary mineral succession: early arsenopyrite and cassiterite as the high-temperature phases; then combinations of pyrrhotite, pyrite, chalcopyrite and sphalerite, all of which formed over a wide temperature range; finally, low temperature galena and Bi phases. Secondary weathering products overprint the primary sequences. Cataclasis of the first-formed arsenopyrite imply that mineralization was related to at least one tectonic event in the region. The Czarnów ore deposit probably resulted from hydrothermal activity associated with the near Karkonosze granite.

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Ti remobilization and sulphide/sulphoarsenide mineralization in amphibolites: effect of granite intrusion (the Karkonosze–Izera Massif, SW Poland)

Mochnacka K., Oberc-Dziedzic T., Mayer W., Pieczka A.

Geological Quarterly

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2008

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Vol. 52, No 4

349-349

EN

Our studies focus on ore mineralization in a contact-metamorphic aureole, using the Variscan Karkonosze Granite pluton as an example. The Karkonosze in trusion is enveloped by an Early Palaeozoic (about 500 Ma) metamorphic complex of the Izera–Kowary Unit composed of a diverse assemblage of gneisses, granitic gneisses, schists, amphibolites and marbles. The Budniki ore mineralization site was discovered in the early 1950's at the SE margin of the pluton. The uneconomic Ti-ox ide/sil i cate, Fe-Cu-Ni-Co-sulphide-sulphoarsenide, and uranium mineral deposits are hosted within amphibolites which were subjected to regional metamor phism fol lowed by contact meta - morphism. The Ti mineralization includes an ilmenite-titanite assemblage that originated from regional-metamorphic transformation of igneous Ti-bearing minerals, such as ilmenite and tschermakite, of the basic protoliths of amphibolites. During subsequent contact metamorphism, ilmenite was decomposed and, after wards, Al-rich titanite and rutile were formed. The Ti remobilization was coeval with an early stage of superimposed Fe-Cu-Ni-Co-sulphide/sulphoarsenide mineralization (pyrrhotite, pyrite, pentlandite, arsenopyrite, chalcopyrite, sphalerite and Fe-Ni-Co-As-S phases), related to the activity of the Karkonosze Granite hydrothermal system. The ore minerals formed successively within a wide range of temperatures (625–250gradeC).