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Mechanical properties of the patellar tendon in weightlifting athletes – the utility of myotonometry. Adaptations of patellar tendon to mechanical loading

Szajkowski Sebastian, Pasek Jarosław, Dwornik Michał, Cieślar Grzegorz

Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics

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2024

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Vol. 26, no. 1

153--164

EN

Tendons adapt to loads applied to them, by changing their own mechanical properties. The purpose of the study was to examine the influence of practicing sport in the form of weightlifting/strength training by individuals of various age groups upon the mechanical properties of the patellar tendon. Methods: 200 people participated in the study. Group 1 (n = 109) comprised individuals training strength sports as amateurs, group 2 (n = 91) consisted of people who were not physically active. The patellar tendon was examined in various positions of the knee joint: 0, 30, 60, 90, 120° respectively. The following mechanical parameters were measured with the use of a device for myotonometric measurements, MyotonPRO: frequency [Hz], stiffness [N/m], decrement [log], relaxation time [ms] and creep [De]. The results were compared as regards physical activity, training history, BMI value, and gender. Results: Stiffness and tone increased while elasticity decreased with patellar tendon stretching degree. In the group of individuals in training, greater stiffness and tone and lower elasticity were noted. Moreover, stiffness and tone appeared to be higher in elderly people and individuals with longer training experience. Conclusions: Mechanical loads connected with strength training result in development of adaptive changes in the patellar tendon, in the form of higher stiffness and tone, as well as lower elasticity. The MyotonPRO device is useful for quantitative assessment of the mechanical properties of patellar tendon.

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Are the mechanical properties of Achilles tendon altered in CrossFit athletes? Reliability and accuracy of myotonometry

Szajkowski Sebastian, Dwornik Michał, Pasek Jarosław, Zajączkowski Mateusz, Cieślar Grzegorz

Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics

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2023

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Vol. 25, no. 2

103--113

EN

Tendons adapt to loads affecting them by changing tendons’ mechanical and morphological properties. The aim of the study was to investigate the influence of involvement in sport activities in the form of CrossFit training by individuals of different age upon the mechanical properties of Achilles tendon. Methods: 231 people participated in the study. One group consisted of subjects who trained CrossFit as amateurs, the other group comprised subjects who were not physically active. Achilles tendon was studied for various positions of the ankle joint: 0° DF/PF, 10° DF, 20° DF, 20° PF and 40° PF. The following mechanical and viscoelastic tendon properties were measured using MyotonPRO: frequency [Hz], stiffness [N/m], decrement [log], relaxation time [ms] and creep [De]. The results have been compared in reference to physical activity, BMI, age and length of training history. Results: Both the tension and stiffness increased with degree of Achilles tendon stretching and decreased as it contracted. Higher values have been noted in the group of people in training and with higher BMI values. The elasticity of Achilles tendon decreased with plantar flexion increase. Lower elasticity has been recorded in the group in training and with higher BMI. No significant influence of age and length of training history upon the parameters achieved has been noted. Conclusions: The specificity of CrossFit training and accompanying mechanical load result in development of adaptation changes in Achilles tendon, in the form of its higher tone/tension and stiffness, as well as lower elasticity.

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Wpływ jednoczesnego oddziaływania pól elektromagnetycznych generowanych przez linie przesyłowe wysokiego napięcia prądu zmiennego oraz telefon komórkowy na równowagę prooksydacyjno-antyoksydacyjną w strukturach mózgu szczurów

Cieślar Grzegorz, Sieroń Karolina, Sieroń Aleksander, Sowa Paweł

Przegląd Elektrotechniczny

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2021

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R. 97, nr 12

101--105

PL

4-tygodniowa ekspozycja samców szczurów na jednoczesne oddziaływanie poł elektromagnetycznych o parametrach fizycznych generowanych w otoczeniu linii przesyłowych wysokiego napięcia prądu zmiennego i emitowanych przez telefon komórkowy powoduje kompensacyjne zmiany aktywności enzymów antyoksydacyjnych bez utrwalonej zmiany intensywności procesów oksydacyjnych, umożliwiające zachowanie równowagi prooksydacyjno-antyoksydacyjnej w strukturach mózgu szczurów.

EN

4-week simultaneous exposure of male rats to electromagnetic fields with physical parameters generated nearby High Voltage Alternating Current transmission lines and emitted by mobile phone causes compensatory changes of antioxidant enzymes activity without persistent changes of intensity of oxidative processes enabling maintenance of prooxidant/antioxidant balance in brain structures.