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1
Content available The magnetic field stimulation system applied on strawberry fruits
Zaguła G., Puchalski C., Czernicka M., Bajcar M., Saletnik B., Woźny M., Szeregii E.
ECONTECHMOD : An International Quarterly Journal on Economics of Technology and Modelling Processes
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2017
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Vol. 6, No 1
117--122
EN
This paper presents an influence of three different magnetic fields stimulation systems for growing strawberry fruits: permanent magnetic field generated by neodymium magnets, ”high” strengths slow varying amplitudes magnetic fields generated by coreless solenoids supplied by autotransformer and low-frequency and low-amplitude sinusoidal magnetic fields generator created for this research. The system is controlled by computer and allows for an independent control of up to 10 induction coils inducing magnetic fields with amplitudes from 0.1μT to 150μT and frequencies from 0.1Hz to 100Hz. The proposed set-up was used during the growing seasons for strawberry plants stimulation. An increase in the extract level was observed in the case of the alternating magnetic field stimulation with the parameters: frequency – from 50Hz to 100Hz and amplitude – from 50μT to 100μT.
2
Content available The impact of heat treatment on the components of plant biomass as exemplified by Junniperus sabina and Picea abies
Drygaś B., Depciuch J., Puchalski Cz., Zaguła G.
ECONTECHMOD : An International Quarterly Journal on Economics of Technology and Modelling Processes
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2016
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Vol. 5, No 3
41--50
EN
Torrefaction is the process of drying biomass at high temperatures in order to transform it into biofuels with properties and composition resembling carbon. The impact of high temperature breaks the chains of hemicellulose, lignin and cellulose and degrades the biomass to simpler organic compounds. The aim of this publication was to specify the impact of the duration of the heat treatment on the stability of biomass structures such as lignocellulose illustrated with examples of selected species of conifers. The research material consisted of shoot tips of Junniperus sabina and Picea abies. The material used in the process was air-dried, dried at 150oC and torrefied at temperatures of 200, 250 and 300oC in a LECO camera – TGA 701 apparatus for 30 minutes. Fresh needles and their torrefied products were measured spectroscopically using FTIR Vertex 70v made by Bruker. Microscopic photographs of samples were taken in the scales 10 μm, 20 μm, and 50 μm using the TESCAN VEGA3 scanning electron microscope. The unprocessed plant material did not differ significantly from one another – the FTIR spectra of both plants exhibited the same functional groups. The biomass heat treatment led to significant changes in its chemical composition and topographic changes in the obtained biochars.
3
Content available Mineral components analysis of selected dried herbs
Zaguła G., Fabisiak A., Bajcar M., Czernicka M., Saletnik B., Puchalski C.
ECONTECHMOD : An International Quarterly Journal on Economics of Technology and Modelling Processes
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2016
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Vol. 5, No 2
127--132
EN
This study includes the content of water, ash and volatiles in dried herbs like Oregano, Basil and de Provance. Moreover, amounts of H, N and C, and their calorific value were measured. The content of the following elements (Al, Ba, Ca, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, P, S, Sr, Zn) in the tested herbs were established using the ICP-OES method. Basil leaves had the highest nitrogen and ash content at the level 4.5% and 15,9%. These herbs were characterized by a darker color as compared to oregano. Basil contained the richest source of Ca, K, Mg and P, while the lowest was found in herbs de Provence. The best source of Ca, K, Mg and P was basil, while their lowest amount was found in herbs de Provence (containing a mixture of different herbs), which mostly likely was the reason for the low amount of macro- and micro-components.
4
Content available Influence of biochar and biomass ash applied as soil amendment on germination rate of Virginia mallow seeds (Sida hermaphrodita R.)
Saletnik B., Bajcar M., Zaguła G., Czernicka M., Puchalski C.
ECONTECHMOD : An International Quarterly Journal on Economics of Technology and Modelling Processes
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2016
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Vol. 5, No 3
71--76
EN
The paper presents findings showing the influence of amending soil with biochar and biomass ash on the germination rate of Virginia mallow. Comparative analyses examined the relationship between the applied dosage of the natural fertilizers and the effectiveness of seed germination as well as mass of the plants at the initial stage of growth. The obtained plant material was also examined for the contents of selected macro-elements (phosphorus, potassium and calcium). The study shows that biochar applied as a fertilizer, at specific dosage, may enhance germination rate of Virginia mallow seeds. Addition of biomass ash into the soil, at certain doses, significantly impacts the growth of mass in Virginia fanpetals at the initial stage of development. It has been determined that addition of biochar, or biomass ash or their mixtures into the soil alters the concentration of phosphorus, potassium and calcium in above-ground parts of the plants.
5
Content available Impact of the biomass pyrolysis parameters on the quality of biocarbon obtained from rape straw, rye straw and willow chips
Saletnik B., Bajcar M., Zaguła G., Czernicka M., Puchalski C.
ECONTECHMOD : An International Quarterly Journal on Economics of Technology and Modelling Processes
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2016
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Vol. 5, No 2
139--143
EN
In the article the results of studies conducted regarding the thermal processing of rape straw, rye straw and willow chips applying various parameters of the pyrolysis process are presented. Samples of biomass were subject to thermal processing at various temperatures and process durations, assessing the impact of the applied conditions on physicochemical parameters of the obtained pyrolysis products. The contents of phosphorus, potassium, magnesium, carbon and nitrogen were analysed. The studies have indicated that the pyrolysis process can be used to refine biomass, among others obtained from straw and chips, in the context of using it for fertilization. Modification of the pyrolysis process parameters (temperature, time) significantly impacted the concentration of the analysed macroelements. It has been stated that the highest content of phosphorus, potassium and magnesium in biocarbon (rape straw, rye straw and willow chips) can be obtained performing pyrolysis at the temperature of 5000C for 10 minutes. A significant impact of the pyrolysis parameters – temperature and time on the total content of macroelements in the obtained biocarbon was observed. The highest contents of phosphorus, potassium and magnesium were observed in the case of biocarbon obtained at the temperature of 5000C during 10 minutes, while the temperature of 4000C and duration of 10 minutes allowed to obtain the maximum content of carbon and nitrogen.
6
Content available Effects of mineral fertilization and pre-sowing magnetic stimulation on the yield and quality of sugar beet roots
Zardzewiały M., Saletnik B., Bajcar M., Zaguła G., Czernicka M., Puchalski C.
ECONTECHMOD : An International Quarterly Journal on Economics of Technology and Modelling Processes
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2016
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Vol. 5, No 3
51--58
EN
Magnetic field may be applied as a physical factor to improve germination capacity as well as growth and development of plants. In order to investigate the influence of stimulation with magnetic field and fertilization on the yield and quality of sugar beet roots, a field experiment was carried out in 2015 and it was designed to examine three cultivars of sugar beets, two variants of magnetic stimulation applied to seeds: stimulation in the magnetic field of 40 mT, and control conditions (no stimulation), as well as two variants of mineral fertilization: optimal, based on the contents of nutrients in soil, and control conditions (no fertilization). Observation of the plants’ growth and development was conducted during the vegetation period. The examined values included yield of roots and leaves, as well as contents of heavy metals, macro- and micro-elements and sugar. The observations carried out during the experiment and following harvest showed that the applied variable factors used in the experiment, i.e. the pre-sowing stimulation with magnetic field as well as properly designed fertilization, positively affect the parameters of the plants germination, growth and development as well as the contents of sugar in the examined sugar beet roots.
7
Content available Distribution system for generating slowly varying magnetic fields
Zaguła G., Puchalski C., Czernicka M., Bajcar M., Saletnik B.
ECONTECHMOD : An International Quarterly Journal on Economics of Technology and Modelling Processes
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2016
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Vol. 5, No 4
73--78
EN
The presented system describes a concept for generating slowly varying signals to stimulate biological objects with magnetic field. The system enables independent control of up to 10 induction coil and it generates changeable signal inducing magnetic fields in the range from 0.1 to 150μT and the frequencies from 0.1 to 100 Hz. The proposed system was applied to investigate the influence of magnetic fields with the aforementioned parameters on physical and chemical properties in selected types of fruits.
8
Content available Porównanie użyteczności energetycznej wybranych brykietów z biomasy
Saletnik B., Puchalski C., Zaguła G., Bajcar M.
Inżynieria Rolnicza
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2013
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R. 17, nr 3, t. 2
341--347
PL
W pracy przedstawiono wyniki badań dotyczące kaloryczności, zawartości wody, popiołu oraz węgla, azotu i wodoru w czterech rodzajach brykietu. Materiał badawczy stanowiły brykiety ze słomy zbożowej z dodatkami, takimi jak: trociny olchy, siano łąkowe oraz ziarno owsa. Uzyskane wyniki posłużyły do celów porównawczych podstawowych parametrów fizyko-chemicznych brykietów. Określono, że brykiety uzyskane z połączenia słomy i trocin olchy wykazują najwyższą wartość opałową. Dodatkowo odnotowano zwiększoną zawartość pozostałego po spaleniu popiołu w próbkach, które miały wyższą zawartością węgla, co może wskazywać na straty związane z niecałkowitym spalaniem.
EN
This paper presents the results of the caloric value, content of water, ash and carbon, nitrogen and hydrogen in the four types of briquettes. Material consisted of wheat straw briquettes with additives such as alder sawdust, meadow hay and oats. The results were used for comparison purposes of the basic physicochemical parameters of briquettes. It was determined that the briquettes obtained from a combination of straw and alders sawdust have the highest caloric value. In addition, the increased level of ash remaining after burning in the samples, which had higher carbon content, was reported which may indicate losses related to incomplete burning.
9
Content available Spektrofotometryczna metoda oceny wpływu pól magnetycznych stałych i wolnozmiennych stosowanych w czasie wzrostu i dojrzewania na równowagę glukozowo-fruktozową wybranych odmian jabłek
Zaguła G., Puchalski C., Gorzelany J.
Inżynieria Rolnicza
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2011
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R. 15, nr 9
269-277
PL
Spektroskopia w bliskiej podczerwieni jest jedną z coraz powszechniej używanych metod badania jakości owoców. Prezentowane w pracy wyniki opierały się na analizie czterech podstawowych parametrów owoców, po zastosowaniu zewnętrznego pola magnetycznego, a mianowicie zawartości wody, kwasowości ogólnej oraz zawartości dwóch podstawowych cukrów prostych występujących w soku owocowym jabłek, a więc glukozy i fruktozy. Zaobserwowane zmiany w proporcji glukozy do fruktozy oraz ogólną tendencję do wzrostu stężenia cukrów ogółem, w analizowanych owocach po zastosowaniu odpowiednio dobranej indukcji oraz częstotliwości pola magnetycznego co pozwala mieć nadzieję na szersze zastosowanie powyższej metody w poprawie jakości prezentowanych odmian jabłek.
EN
Spectroscopy in the near infrared is one of the methods, which are more universally and frequently used for examining the fruit quality. The presented results were based on the analysis of four basic fruit parameters, after application of the outside magnetic field, that is the content of water, general acidity and the content of two basic in apple fruit juice, that is glucose and fructose. The observed changes in the proportion of the glucose to the fructose, and general tendency to the increase of sugar concentration after application of the selected induction and the frequency of the magnetic field, allows for wider application of the above method for improving the qualities of the presented apple varieties.
10
Content available Efektywność produkcji buraków cukrowych w wybranych gospodarstwach na Podkarpaciu
Gorzelany J., Zaguła G., Zardzewiały M.
Inżynieria Rolnicza
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2011
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R. 15, nr 8
143-151
PL
W pracy przedstawiono ocenę kosztów i nakładów energetycznych ponoszonych na produkcję buraków cukrowych. Badania przeprowadzono w 3 indywidualnych gospodarstwach, w których zastosowano 3 odmienne technologie uprawy buraków cukrowych. Gospodarstwo A - technologia tradycyjna (18 zabiegów), gospodarstwo B - technologia z przyoraniem międzyplonu na zimę (15 zabiegów), gospodarstwo C - technologia uprawy siewu w mulcz (14 zabiegów).
EN
The study presents both financial costs and energy inputs necessary for sugar beets production. The research was carried out on three individual agricultural farms, on which three different technologies of sugar beet growth were applied. The farm "A" uses the traditional technology (18 procedures), farm "B" applies pre-winter plough of after-crop (15 procedures) and the farm "C" uses mulch-mustard technology (14 procedures).
11
Content available Zastosowanie komputerowego systemu wizyjnego do badania wpływu pól magnetycznych i elektromagnetycznych na jakość truskawek
Zaguła G., Gorzelany J., Puchalski C.
Inżynieria Rolnicza
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2010
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R. 14, nr 2
293-300
PL
Praca przedstawia badanie wpływu pól magnetycznych i elektromagnetycznych na jakość truskawek odmian: Bogota, Elkat, Ventana, Honeyoe, Salut. Owoce poddano działaniu trzech rodzajów pól magnetycznych tj. polu stałemu o indukcji magnetycznej z przedziału 5-100mT, zmiennemu małemu polu magnetycznemu o indukcji magnetycznej z przedziału 50-150μT oraz częstotliwościach z przedziału 10-100 Hz, jak również zmiennemu dużemu polu magnetycznemu o indukcji magnetycznej 5-100mT i stałej częstotliwości 50 Hz. Celem przeprowadzonych badań było dokonanie analizy wpływu zastosowanych pól magnetycznych na jakość owoców za pomocą metod tradycyjnych jak refraktometria, teksturometria oraz badania zawartości wody w owocach. Dokonano też analiz zależności wybarwienia, za pomocą systemu do wizyjnej analizy obrazu, w zależności od jędrności badanych owoców.
EN
The paper presents examination of the impact of magnetic and electromagnetic fields on quality of the following strawberry varieties: Bogota, Elkat, Ventana, Honeyoe, and Salut. Fruits were exposed to three types of magnetic fields, that is constant field with magnetic induction ranging from 5 to 100mT, low variable magnetic field with magnetic induction ranging from 50 to 150μT and frequencies from 10 to 100 Hz, and high variable magnetic field with magnetic induction from 5 to 100mT and constant frequency of 50 Hz. The purpose of completed research was to analyse the impact of employed magnetic fields on fruit quality using conventional methods, including refractometry, texturometry and examination of water content in fruits. Moreover, the research involved dyeing dependence analyses, carried out using a video image analysis system, depending on examined fruit firmness.
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