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Morfodynamika i tempo erozji klifu w Trzęsaczu (1997–2017)

Łabuz T. A.

Landform Analysis

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2017

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Vol. 34

29--50

PL

Na podstawie pomiarów morfologicznych klifu i plaży oraz dokumentacji fotograficznej ustalono współczesne tempo erozji klifu w miejscowości Trzęsacz w latach 1997-2017. Zarejestrowane zmiany geodynamiczne klifu powiązano z cyklicznymi czynnikami sprawczymi: spiętrzeniami sztormowymi i opadami deszczu. Ponadto przedstawiono historyczne zmiany morfodynamiczne klifu i niszczenia kościoła w oparciu o dostępne publikacje, mapy i fotografie. Od 2003 r. ruinę chroni ścianka szczelna z gabionów – klif w tym miejscu jest nieaktywny. Od 2010 r. podnóże klifu Wybrzeża Trzebiatowskiego od Niechorza do Trzęsacza osłonięte jest opaską, to zatrzymało znaczną erozję rejestrowaną na całym odcinku do 2009 r. Ustalono, że zabieg ten nie chroni przed cofaniem krawędzi klifu, wynoszącym do 0,1 m a–1 tuż przy ruinie kościoła. Na ostatnim 200-stu metrowym odcinku bez opaski średnie tempo cofania krawędzi wynosi 0,4 m a–1.

EN

In the article it has been presented historical and present morphodynamic change the of the morainic cliff in the region of Trzęsacz on the west Polish Baltic coast. Historical cliff and church erosion have been described basing on available publications, maps and photographs. On the basis of field morphological measurements, current rate of cliff erosion was determined for period 1997–2017. The recorded geodynamical cliff changes of the have been related to the periodic impact factors: storm surges and precipitation. Since 2003, the ruin has been protected by a wall made of gabions – the cliff is inactive. Since 2010, the foot of the cliff of the Trzebiatów Highland from Niechorze to Trzęsacz is shielded with a rocky band. This protection has stopped significant cliff erosion recorded until 2009. It was found that this treatment does not protect against the cliff edge retreat, that is up to 0.1 m per year near the church ruin. Along the last 200 m long cliff section without band, the average cliff edge retreat is 0.4 m annually.

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Metody badań terenowych w analizie zmian ukształtowania akumulacyjnych odcinków wydm nadmorskich polskiego wybrzeża

Łabuz T. A.

Landform Analysis

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2015

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Vol. 28

45--60

PL

W pracy przedstawiono metody badań zastosowanych do analizy zmian rzeźby wydm nadmorskich na akumulacyjnych odcinków polskiego wybrzeża. Badania realizowane były przy użyciu różnych technik geodezyjnych, m.in. z zastosowaniem stabilizowanych w podłożu reperów, niwelatora, teodolitu. W ostatnich latach korzystano z nowoczesnych urządzeń, działających w oparciu o satelitarną lokalizację badanych miejsc, takich jak dGPS RTK oraz RTK GPS. Prace realizowane były w różnych skalach przestrzennych: od pomiarów punktowych, liniowych do powierzchniowych. Celem podjętych badań morfometrycznych było przetestowanie różnych technik i urządzeń badawczych pod kątem ich użyteczności w określaniu dynamiki współczesnej rzeźby najmłodszych wydm nadmorskich. Przedstawiono ustalenia potrzebne do klasyfikacji form i wskazania kierunku rozwoju wybrzeży mierzejewo-wydmowych w warunkach zmian klimatu i presji człowieka. Praca prezentuje możliwości wykorzystania dostępnych technik do określania parametrów zmian niestabilnej rzeźby wydm nadmorskich w różnych skalach czasowo-przestrzennych. W pracy zawarto przykładowe wyniki dynamiki rzeźby wydm i charakterystycznych wskaźników ich zmian oraz wybrane możliwości prezentacji graficznej. Badania prowadzono w wybranych miejscach obejmując 20% długości całego polskiego wybrzeża.

EN

The paper presents field research methods used to analyse relief changes of coastal dunes on the accumulative sections of the Polish coast. The research were carried out using a variety of surveying techniques, among others, using stabilized in the ground rods, leveler, theodolite. In recent years, the use of modern equipment, operating on the basis of satellite location, such as dGPS RTK and GPS RTK were used too. The work was carried out at different spatial scales, from the measurement point to line and the surface. The aim of this study was to test various morphometric techniques and research devices for their usefulness in determining the dynamics of contemporary relief of the youngest coastal dunes – foredunes. Paper also presents the findings needed to classify the relief forms and to indicate the direction of sand barrier and dunes development in conditions of climate change and human pressure. Work presents the possibilities of available techniques use, to characterise changes of unstable sand dunes in different time and space scales. This paper contains examples of the results on dune relief research dynamics and selected graphical presentation possibilities. Data from the realised studies are useful for different time scale comparison as vectors, volumes or 3D pictures. Those methods are clearly showing accumulation tendencies of some sections of the coast in different time and surface scale. The presented studies are covering almost 20% of dunes on the Polish coast.

3

Erosion reasons and rate on accumulative Polish dune coast caused by the January 2012 storm surge

Łabuz T. A.

Oceanologia

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2014

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No. 56 (2)

307--326

EN

The Polish coast is a non-tidal area; its shores are affected mainly by autumn-winter storm surges. Those of 6 and 14 January 2012 are representative of the forces driving the erosion of normally accumulative sections of coastal dunes, monitored by the author since 1997. The sea level maximum during these two storm surges reached 1.2 to 1.5 m amsl along the Polish coast. Land forms up to 3 m amsl were inundated. Beaches and low parts of the coast up to this height were rebuilt by sea waves attacking the coast for almost 12 days. Quantitative analyses of the morphological dynamics of the coastal dunes are presented for 57 profiles located along the coast. Only those accumulative sections of the Polish coast are analysed where sand accumulation did occur and led to new foredune development. The mean rate of dune erosion was 2.5 m3 per square metre with an average toe retreat of 1.4 m. Erosion understood as dune retreat was greater when a beach was lower (correlation coefficient 0.8). Dune erosion did not occur on coasts with beaches higher than 3.2 m or on lower ones covered by embryo dunes.

4

Polish coastal dunes : affecting factors and morphology

Łabuz T. A.

Landform Analysis

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2013

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Vol. 22

33--59

EN

This article describe Polish coastal dunes and the factors influencing their development. The Polish coast is 500 km long and mainly exposed for a northerly direction. It is a part of the southern Baltic shore. The Polish coast is composed of mostly loose sand, till and peat. Because the coast hardiness is so weak, it is under constant threat from storm surges as well as human impact caused by rapid infrastructure development and the coastal protection measures put in place to try and protect it. These protection measures destabilize the natural coast dynamics and rebuilding process. Almost 85% of the shoreline is built up by sandy aeolian deposits and covered by different dune types. Among them are typical foredunes or inland dunes in eroded coastal areas. The second type of dune coasts are built up by land dunes, which appear on the coast as a result of sea erosion causing land regression. Sometimes dunes can be found over moraine deposits or in front of moraine old cliffs. Nowadays these habitats are heavily threatened by storm surges and human activity. In some places there is an accumulation that leads to new ridge developments. This article describes these issues with an emphasis on the present dynamics of Poland’s coastal areas.

5

Coastal response to climatic changes : discussion with emphasis on southern Baltic Sea

Łabuz T. A.

Landform Analysis

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2012

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Vol. 21

43-55

EN

The influence of climate change on coastal areas is indisputable. Natural or anthropogenic elements of the coastal zone often reveal unforeseen changes, not comparable with earlier observations. However, human activity is influenced by climatic events that affect settlements and local economies. This paper presents the increasing threat of climate change to world coastal safety with an emphasis on field research from the coast of the southern Baltic Sea. The main climatic factors that influence the land and shallow seas of the coastal zone are: wind, waves, storm surges, ice jams and flooding.We are forgetting about the relationship between these factors and parts of the affected environment.Acostly shore protection scheme in one area forces erosion in another. It is proposed not to analyse the environmental events on average; such scientific results do not provide the basis for calculating real land erosion. In this paper, it is argued that nature does not respect average values; we need to prepare for greater change due to the escalation of those factors affecting the coast.

6

Initial foredune field as a factor of accumulative character of coastal dunes of the Swina Gate Barrier (west Polish coast)

Łabuz T. A.

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

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2003

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Vol. 32, No. 1

39-56

EN

Many of the Polish sandy coasts covered by several dune ridges are in danger, threatened by high wave storms and sea level rise. Some of the sandy coasts are accumulative. Accumulated on beach sand may cause growth and development of ridge. When upper beach at the front of the first dune is densely covered by plants sand may be fixed on beach. In this way on the upper beach may be built small hillocks or shadow dunes. It is important to know how fast a new dune ridge rises. This paper shows the importance of dune field formation on the upper beach in front of the foredune for new dunes accumulation. This field has possibilities to change in an initial dune ridge. Continuous aeolian accumulation of the sand on the dune field leads to the building of a new dune ridge. This process was observed on spit of Swina Gate Barrier on west Polish coast. The accumulation was forced by pioneer vegetation, which was covering hillocks and trapping transported sand from the beach. Also speeds and wind directions (measured in Świnoujście) may cause bigger and faster accumulation.