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Riverbed armoring and sediment exchange process in a sand–gravel bed reach after the Three Gorges Project operation

Li Linlin, Xia Junqiang, Zhou Meirong, Deng Shanshan

Acta Geophysica

2020

Vol. 68, no. 1

243--252

Upstream damming greatly altered the fow and sediment regime entering downstream reaches in the Middle Yangtze River, and the bed material in a sand–gravel bed reach coarsened continuously, which had a signifcant infuence on the sediment transport and bed evolution. In order to study the riverbed armoring, the sediment exchange process (SEP) among bed material, bed load and suspended load in a sand–gravel bed river is frstly clarifed, and then, the three-state transition probability model (Markov chain) is proposed in this study, with the hiding-exposure efect of non-uniform sediment being considered. Finally, the equilibrium equation of sediment quantity in an active layer is presented to calculate the grain size distribution of bed material. In this model, the infuences of fow and sediment conditions, riverbed erosion and deposition on the SEP are discussed. The results show that the composition of surface bed material at the Zhicheng station became obviously coarse, and the median grain size (d50) of surface bed material increased from 0.230 to 0.424 mm in 2003–2017, with an upward increasing trend. The proposed probabilistic model was validated against feld measurements of bed material, and calculated results show reasonable agreement with the measured data at Zhicheng. Accordingly, the probabilistic model can be used to predict the riverbed armoring and to investigate the non-equilibrium transport of non-uniform sediment in a sand–gravel bed river.