PL
 |
EN
Preferencje help
Polish version English version Język
Widoczny [Schowaj] Abstrakt
Liczba wyników

Znaleziono wyników: 29

Liczba wyników na stronie
first rewind previous Strona / 2 next fast forward last
Wyniki wyszukiwania
help Sortuj według:

help Ogranicz wyniki do:
first rewind previous Strona / 2 next fast forward last
1
Content available Problems of Processing and Separation of Multi-Material Electronic Waste in Terms of Circular Economy
Lisińska M., Fornalczyk A., Willner J.
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
|
2019
|
Vol. 64, iss. 4
1639--1643
EN
The article presents current methods used for the recovery of metals from used electronic equipment. The analysis of the composition and structure of the material was made on the example of one of the most popular and widespread e-waste - used cell phones. The article was address the problems of processing and separation of individual components included in these heterogeneous wastes. The main purpose of the conducted research was to prepare the tested material in such a way that the recovery of metalsin the further stages of its processing was as effective as possible. The results of attempts to separate individual material fractions with magnetic, pyrometallurgical or hydrometallurgical methods will be presented. An analysis of the possibilities of managing electronic waste in terms of the circular economy will be made.
2
Content available Influence of Different Plants Extracts on Silver Nanopar ticles Green Synthesis
Velgosova O., Mražíková A., Veselovský L., Willner J., Fornalczyk A.
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
|
2019
|
Vol. 64, iss. 2
665--670
EN
Three plants extracts were used for biosynthesis of Ag nanoparticles (AgNPs). AgNPs nucleation process requires effective reduction agents which secure Ag+ to Ag0 reduction and also stabilizing/capping agents. The UV-vis and TEM observation revealed that the best results were obtained by R. officinalis leaf extract. The strong SPR band peak appeared at the wavelength 418 nm. Synthetized AgNPs were globular, fine (~20 nm), uniform and stabile throughout the experiment. A rapid rate of AgNPs synthesis was also significant and economically advantageous factor. Fine (10-20 nm) and globular nanoparticles were synthetized also by U. dioica leaf extract, but the stability of nanoparticles was not permanent. Despite V. vitis-idaea fruit extract contains a lot of reducing agents, UV-vis did not confirm the presence of AgNPs in solution. Synthetized Ag particles were very unstable, Ag particles agglomerated very fast and clearly indicated sediment was formed.
3
Content available Bioleaching of indium and tin from used LCD panels
Willner J., Fornalczyk A., Gajda B., Saternus M.
Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing
|
2018
|
Vol. 54, iss. 3
639--645
EN
The demand for indium is increasing every year. This metal is mainly used as indium tin oxide (ITO) in the production of transparent conductive coatings for liquid crystal displays (LCD). This paper focuses on biohydrometallurgical methods used for the recovery of indium and tin from LCD sourced from spent mobile phones. Bioleaching experiments were carried out in two different leaching media: 9K medium and H2SO4 solution, using mixed, adapted bacteria Acidothiobacillus ferrooxidans and Acidothiobacillus thiooxidans. The main aim of this study was to evaluate the potential and efficiency of indium and tin extraction in the presence of acidophilic microorganisms. Within 35 days, using 9K medium, 55.6% of indium was bioleached, whereas the chemical leaching resulted in a value of 3.4%. Leaching efficiency of tin was 90.2% on the 14th day of the experiment for the biological system (9K) and 93.4% on 21st day of control leaching.
4
Content available Role of Oxidizing Agents in Leaching Process of Electronic Waste
Lisińska M., Saternus M., Willner J., Fornalczyk A.
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
|
2018
|
Vol. 63, iss. 2
969--974
EN
New technologies and the globalization of the electrical and electronic equipment market cause a continuous increase in the amount of electrical and electronic waste. They constitute one of the waste groups that grows the fastest in quantity. The development of the new generation of electrical and electronic devices is much faster than before. Recently attention has been concentrated on hydrometallurgical methods for the recovery of metals from electronic waste. In this article the role of an oxidizing agent, mainly ozone and hydrogen peroxide was presented in hydrometallurgical processes. Leaching process of printed circuits boards (PCBs) from used cell phones was conducted. The experiments were carried out in the presence of sulfuric acid and ozone as an oxidizing agent for various temperatures, acid concentration, ozone concentration. As a result, the concentrations of copper, zinc, iron and aluminum in the obtained solution were measured. The obtained results were compared to results obtained earlier in the presence of hydrogen peroxide as an oxidizing agent and discussed.
5
Content available Research of Leaching of the Printed Circuit Boards Coming from Waste Mobile Phones
Lisińska M., Saternus M., Willner J.
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
|
2018
|
Vol. 63, iss. 1
143--147
EN
The continuous changing technologies of electronic devices, mainly mobile phones cause that their life is shorten from year to year (even to 8-12 months); that is way there is a constantly increasing amount of generated waste. Such waste treatment to recover mainly copper and other base metals should be really profitable. The process of metals recovery could be done using different methods including pyro- and hydrometallurgical process. The paper describes the research of leaching process of Printed Circuit Boards (PCB) coming from waste mobile phones. As a leaching agent sulfuric acid was used with addition of hydrogen peroxides. Experiments were carried out for different temperature, acid concentration and addition of hydrogen peroxide. As a result the concentration of copper, zinc, iron and aluminium in the obtained solution was measured. The results were discussed.
6
Content available Influence of H2O2 and O3 on PGM Extraction from Used Car Catalysts
Fornalczyk A., Willner J., Gajda B., Sedlakova-Kadukova J.
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
|
2018
|
Vol. 63, iss. 2
963--968
EN
Catalytic converters contain the catalytic substance in their structure, which is a mixture of Platinum Group Metals (PGMs). The prices of these metals and a growing demand for them in the market, make it necessary to recycle spent catalytic converters and recovery of PGMs. In the study, the effect of ozone and hydrogen peroxide application on the possibility of extracting PGM from used car catalysts was investigated. The catalytic carrier was milled, sieved and then the fractions with the desired grain size were treated with the appropriate HCl mixture and 3%, 5%, 10%, 15% and 30% H2O2, respectively, and the tests were also carried out at temperature 333 K. Ozone tests were conducted with the O3 flow in the range of 1,3,5 g/h. Samples for analysis were collected after 30 min, 1 h, 2 h, 3 h and after 4 h, respectively. The residue after the experiments and filtration process was also analysed. The obtained results confirmed the assumption that PGMs can be extracted using hydrochloric acid with the addition of H2O2 or ozone as oxidants. It allows to significantly intensify the carried out reactions and to improve the rate of PGMs transfer to the solution.
7
Content available Characteristics of Silver Nanoparticles in Different pH Values
Mražíková A., Velgosová O., Kavuličová J., Matvija M., Čižmárová E., Willner J.
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
|
2018
|
Vol. 63, iss. 2
993--998
EN
Stability of silver nanoparticles strongly influences the potential of their application. The literature shows wide possibilities of nanoparticles preparation, which has significantly impact on their properties. Therefore, the improvement of AgNPs preparation plays a key role in the case of their practical use. The pH values of the environment are one of the important factors, which directly influences stability of AgNPs. We present a comparing study of the silver nanoparticles prepared by „bottom-up“ methods over by chemical synthesis and biosynthesis using AgNO3 (0.29 mM) solution. For the biosynthesis of the silver nanoparticles, the green freshwater algae Parachlorella kessleri and Citrus limon extracts were used as reducing and stabilizing agents. Chemically synthesized AgNPs were performed using sodium citrate (0.5%) as a capping agent and 0.01% gelatine as a reducing agent. The formation and long term stability of those silver nanoparticles synthesized either biologically and chemically were clearly observed by solution colour changes and confirmed by UV-vis spectroscopy. The pH values of formed nanoparticle solutions were 3 and 5.8 for biosynthesized AgNPs using extract of Citrus limon and Parachlorella kessleri, respectively and 7.2 for chemically prepared AgNPs solution using citrate. The SEM as a surface imaging method was used for the characterization of nanoparticle shapes, size distribution and also for resolving different particle sizes. These micrographs confirmed the presence of dispersed and aggregated AgNPs with various shapes and sizes.
8
Content available remote Metale ziem rzadkich : otrzymywanie i odzysk z materiałów odpadowych
Saternus M., Willner J., Fornalczyk A., Lisińska M.
Przemysł Chemiczny
|
2017
|
T. 96, nr 7
1595--1599
PL
Metale ziem rzadkich zyskują coraz większe znaczenie we współczesnym świecie. Stosowane są do produkcji magnesów, laserów, szkła, luminoforów. Lampy LED, komputery czy telewizory to urządzenia, które bez tych metali nie mogłyby istnieć. Przedstawiono podstawowe zastosowanie metali ziem rzadkich. Podano ceny ich tlenków w latach 1995-2016 oraz wielkość ich produkcji. Przedstawiono metody produkcji tych metali z rud oraz ich alternatywne otrzymywanie poprzez recykling materiałów odpadowych, takich jak magnesy, fosfory czy akumulatory NiMH. W podsumowaniu podano prognozę zużycia metali ziem rzadkich.
EN
A review with 55 refs.
9
Content available Control over the Biological Synthesis of Ag Nanoparticles by Selection of the Specific Algal Species
Sedlakova-Kadukova J., Velgosova O., Vosatka M., Lukavsky J., Dodd J., Willner J., Fornalczyk A.
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
|
2017
|
Vol. 62, iss. 3
1439--1442
EN
The application of green synthesis in the nano-science and technology is of great importance in the area of the preparation of various materials. In this work, three selected algal species Parachlorella kessleri, Dictyosphaerium chlorelloides and Desmodesmus quadricauda were successfully used for the preparation of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). Presence of AgNPs was confirmed by UV-vis spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy. AgNPs produced by P. kessleri had narrow size distribution and average sizes of 7.6 nm. However, nanoparticle production lasted for long time. Nanoparticle formation by D. chlorelloides was the fastest, although, their average sizes were 23.4 nm with broad size distribution. Nanoparticles produced by D. quadricauda had average sizes 23.9 nm but they were the least stable, aggregated and precipitated from solutions within 3 days. These results confirmed that the size distribution and mean diameter of the nanoparticles, crucial for various applications, can be controlled by the organism selection.
10
Content available Closing the Loop: Key Role of Iron in Metal-Bearing Waste Recycling
Sedlakova-Kadukova J., Marcincakova R., Mrazikova A., Willner J., Fornalczyk A.
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
|
2017
|
Vol. 62, iss. 3
1459--1466
EN
The role of iron in metal-bearing waste bioleaching was studied. Four various types of waste (printed circuit boards (PCBs), Ni-Cd batteries, alkaline batteries and Li-ion batteries) were treated by bioleaching using the acidophilic bacteria A. ferrooxidans and A. thiooxidans (separately or in mixture). Role of main leaching agents (Fe3+ ions or sulphuric acid) was simulated in abiotic experiments. Results showed that oxidation abilities of Fe3+ ions were crucial for recovery of Cu and Zn from PCBs, with the efficiencies of 88% and 100%, respectively. To recover 68% of Ni from PCBs, and 55% and 100% of Ni and Cd, respectively, from Ni-Cd batteries both oxidation action and hydrolysis of Fe3+ were required. The importance of Fe2+ ions as a reducing agent was showed in bioleaching of Co from Li-ion batteries and Mn from alkaline batteries. The efficiency of the processes has increased by 70% and 40% in Co and Mn bioleaching, respectively, in the presence of Fe2+ ions. Based on the results we suggest the integrated biometallurgical model of metal-bearing waste recycling in the effort to develop zero-waste and less energy-dependent technologies.
11
Content available remote Metody odzysku srebra z produktów ubocznych i wtórnych
Saternus M., Fornalczyk A., Willner J., Kania H.
Przemysł Chemiczny
|
2016
|
T. 95, nr 1
78--83
PL
Przedstawiono zastosowanie i produkcję srebra w latach 1990-2013 oraz metody jego otrzymywania z rud i produktów ubocznych z przeróbki rud ołowiu i miedzi. Srebro otrzymuje się także z materiałów odpadowych. Omówiono metody odzysku z odpadów galwanotechnicznych, jubilerskich, z przemysłu fotograficznego, szklarskiego, chemicznego, elektronicznego i elektrotechnicznego. Przedstawiono również możliwości zastosowania nanocząstek srebra oraz wykorzystania biotechnologii do odzysku srebra z odpadów.
EN
A review, with 43 refs.
12
Content available The Effect of Specific Conditions on Cu, Ni, Zn and Al Recovery from PCBS Waste Using Acidophilic Bacterial Strains
Mrážiková A., Kaduková J., Marcinčáková R., Velgosová O., Willner J., Fornalczyk A., Saternus M.
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
|
2016
|
Vol. 61, iss. 1
261--264
EN
The objective of this work was to evaluate the influence of static, stirring and shaking conditions on copper, zinc, nickel and aluminium dissolution from printed circuit boards (PCBs) using the mixed acidophilic bacterial culture of Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans and Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans. The results revealed that static conditions were the most effective in zinc and aluminium dissolution. Zinc was removed almost completely under static conditions, whereas maximum of nickel dissolution was reached under the stirring conditions. The highest copper recovery (36%) was reached under stirring conditions. The shaking conditions appeared to be the least suitable. The relative importance of these systems for the bioleaching of copper and nickel decreased in the order: stirring, static conditions, shaking.
13
Content available Modelling Methods of Magnetohydrodynamic Phenomena Occurring in a Channel of the Device Used to Wash Out the Spent Automotive Catalyst by a Liquid Metal
Fornalczyk A., Przylucki R., Golak S., Willner J.
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
|
2016
|
Vol. 61, iss. 2A
713--718
EN
The recovery of precious metals is necessary for environmental and economic reasons. Spent catalysts from automotive industry containing precious metals are very attractive recyclable material as the devices have to be periodically renovated and eventually replaced. This paper presents the method of removing platinum from the spent catalytic converters applying lead as a collector metal in a device used to wash out by using mangetohydrodynamic stirrer. The article includes the description of the methods used for modeling of magnetohydrodynamic phenomena (coupled analysis of the electromagnetic, temperature and flow fields) occurring in this particular device. The paper describes the general phenomena and ways of coupling the various physical fields for this type of calculation. The basic computational techniques with a discussion of their advantages and disadvantages are presented.
14
Content available Dissolution of Metal Supported Spent Auto Catalysts in Acids
Fornalczyk A., Kraszewski M., Willner J., Kaduková J., Mrážiková A., Marcinčáková R., Velgosová O.
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
|
2016
|
Vol. 61, iss. 1
233--236
EN
Metal supported auto catalysts, have been used in sports and racing cars initially, but nowadays their application systematically increases. In Metal Substrate (supported) Converters (MSC), catalytic functions are performed by the Platinum Group Metals (PGM): Pt, Pd, Rh, similarly to the catalysts on ceramic carriers. The contents of these metals make that spent catalytic converters are valuable source of precious metals. All over the world there are many methods for the metals recovery from the ceramic carriers, however, the issue of platinum recovery from metal supported catalysts has not been studied sufficiently yet. The paper presents preliminary results of dissolution of spent automotive catalyst on a metal carrier by means of acids: H2SO4, HCl, HNO3, H3PO4. The main assumption of the research was the dissolution of base metals (Fe, Cr, Al) from metallic carrier of catalyst, avoiding dissolution of PGMs. Dissolution was the most effective when concentrated hydrochloric acid, and 2M sulfuric acid (VI) was used. It was observed that the dust, remaining after leaching, contained platinum in the level of 0.8% and 0.7%, respectively.
15
Content available Possibilities of Metals Extracton From Spent Metallic Automotive Catalytic Converters by Using Biometallurgical Method
Willner J., Kaduková J., Fornalczyk A., Mrážiková A., Marcinčáková R., Velgosová O.
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
|
2015
|
Vol. 60, iss. 3A
1877--1880
EN
he main task of automotive catalytic converters is reducing the amount of harmful components of exhaust gases. Metallic catalytic converters are an alternative to standard ceramic catalytic converters. Metallic carriers are usually made from FeCrAl steel, which is covered by a layer of Precious Group Metals (PGMs) acting as a catalyst. There are many methods used for recovery of platinum from ceramic carriers in the world, but the issue of platinum and other metals recovery from metallic carriers is poorly described. The article presents results of preliminary experiments of metals biooxidation (Fe, Cr and Al) from spent catalytic converters with metallic carrier, using bacteria of the Acidithiobacillus genus.
PL
Głównym zadaniem katalizatorów samochodowych jest zmniejszenie ilości szkodliwych składników spalin. Katalizatory na nośniku metalowym są alternatywą dla standardowych katalizatorów na nośniku ceramicznym. Nośniki metalowe najczęściej wykonuje się ze stali FeCrAl, na którą nieniesiona jest warstwa platynowców, pełniących funkcje katalityczne. W pracy przedstawiono wyniki wstępnych prób bioutleniania metali ze zużytych katalizatorów na nośniku metalowym (Fe, Cr, Al.), z udziałem bakterii z rodzaju Acidithiobacillus.
16
Content available Dissolution of Ceramic Monolith of Spent Catalytic Converters by Using Hydrometallurgical Methods
Willner J., Fornalczyk A.
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
|
2015
|
Vol. 60, iss. 4
2948--2948
EN
Catalytic converters contain the catalytic substance in their structure, which is a mixture of Platinum Group Metals (PGMs): platinum, palladium and rhodium. The prices of these metals and a growing demand for them in the market, make it necessary to recycle spent catalytic converters and recovery of PGMs. The ceramic monolith of catalytic converters is still a predominant material in its construction among of multitude of catalytic converters which are in circulation. In this work attempts were made to leach additional metals (excluding Pt) from comminuted ceramic monolith. Classic leachant oxidizing media 10M H2SO4, HCl and H3PO4 were used considering the possibility of dissolution of the ceramic monolith.
PL
Katalizatory samochodowe w swojej strukturze zawierają substancję katalityczną, będącą mieszaniną platynowców: platyny, palladu i rodu. Ceny tych metali oraz rosnące zapotrzebowanie na nie, stanowią o konieczności recyklingu zużytych katalizatorów i odzysku z nich wspomnianych metali. Materiał ceramiczny, jako monolit katalizatora jest ciągle materiałem dominującym wśród katalizatorów dostępnych obecnie na rynku. W pracy podjęto próby rozpuszczenia ceramicznego monolitu z użyciem, jako czynnika ługującego klasycznych mediów utleniających 10M H2SO4, HCl i H3PO4.
17
Content available Preliminary Studies on Simultaneous Recovery of Precious Metals from Different Waste Materials by Pyrometallurgical Method
Willner J., Fornalczyk A., Cebulski J., Janiszewski K.
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
|
2014
|
Vol. 59, iss. 2
801--804
EN
Automotive catalytic converters have a limited life time, after which the catalyst must be replaced or regenerated. The spent catalytic converters contain small amount of precious metals. Recovery of these metals is essential for environmental and economic reasons. The waste electronic equipment is also an attractive source for recovery of precious metals. Precious metals in electronic scraps are concentrated mainly in printed circuits and integrated circuits - so generally in elements that are the most diverse in their composition. Material heterogeneity of these elements is the reason why there is no universal method for processing this type of scrap. Methods used in the world for recovery of precious metals from spent auto catalytic coverters and electronic wastes by pyrometallurgical and hydrometallurgical methods were mentioned in this paper. The results of simultaneous melting of electronic waste with spent automotive catalysts were presented. The printed circuit boards were used as the carrier and as a source of copper. The precious metals present in the catalyst were collected in copper.
PL
Samochodowe konwertory katalityczne mają ograniczony czas życia, po czym katalizator ten należy wymienić lub poddać regeneracji. Zużyte katalizatory zawierają niewielkie ilości metali szlachetnych, a możliwość odzysku tych metali jest istotna ze względów ekonomicznych i ekologicznych. Równie atrakcyjne źródło metali szlachetnych stanowi wycofany sprzęt elektroniczny. Metale szlachetne w płytkach elektronicznych są zlokalizowane głównie w obwodach drukowanych układów scalonych, które są najbardziej zróżnicowane pod względem składu. Niejednorodność materiałowa tych elementów powoduje, że nie ma uniwersalnego sposobu przetwarzania tego rodzaju złomu. W artykule zwrócono uwagę na metody pirometalurgiczne i hydrometalurgiczne stosowane na świecie do odzysku metali szlachetnych ze zużytych katalizatorów samochodowych oraz od- padów elektronicznych. Przedstawiono wyniki badań próby wspólnego przetopu odpadów elektronicznych z odpadami zużytych katalizatorów samochodowych. Odpady elektroniczne w postaci drukowanych płytek obwodowych zostały wykorzystane jako nośnik i główne źródło miedzi, metalu pełniącego rolę metalu zbieracza platynowców, obecnych w katalizatorach. Otrzymano stop Cu-Fe-Au-Pt odzyskując w ten sposób platynę na poziomie około 78%.
18
Content available A Study of the Impact of Power Supply Parameters on Metal Flow Velocity in the Channel of a Device for Washing out Precious Metals from of the Automotive Catalytic Converters
Fornalczyk A., Golak S., Przyłucki R., Willner J.
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
|
2014
|
Vol. 59, iss. 2
779--783
EN
The lifetime of a catalytic converters is limited. Today’s environmental regulations require that used converters should be properly recycled as a valuable source of precious metals, Al2O3 and steel scrap. The precious metals used in the devices perform catalytic functions. They are suspended in a ceramic or metal carrier. This paper deals with the recovery of precious metals from automotive converters using a metal-collector method. In order to speed up the washout of the precious metals from the capillary structure of the converter, the movement of the liquid metal-collector was forced by the electromagnetic field. The research was aimed at improving the effective velocity of the liquid metal flow through the carrier by means of a device with a double windings. Various ways of power supply were considered. The calculation experiment was performed as a weakly coupled analysis of the electromagnetic field and flow field.
PL
Czas życia katalizatorów samochodowych jest ograniczony. Dzisiejsze przepisy środowiskowe wymagają aby były one poddawane procesowi recyklingu jako cenne źródło platynowców, AI2O3 i złomu stalowego. Metale szlachetne stosowane w tych urządzeniach pełnią funkcje katalityczne, naniesione są na ceramiczny lub metalowy nośnik. Artykuł ten dotyczy procesu odzyskiwania metali szlachetnych ze zużytych katalizatorów samochodowych przy wykorzystaniu metody metalu-zbieracza. W celu przyspieszenia procesu wymywania metali szlachetnych ze struktury kapilarnej katalizatora, przepływ ciekłego metalu-zbieracza zmuszony został przez pole elektromagnetyczne. W pracy przedstawiono wyniki modelowania mające na celu poprawę skuteczności przepływu ciekłego metalu przez nośniki katalizatora za pomocą urządzenia z podwójnym uzwojeniem. Przeanalizowano także różne sposoby zasilania urządzenia. Eksperyment obliczeniowy został zrealizowany jako słabosprzężona analiza pola elektromagnetycznego i pola przepływu.
19
Content available Extraction of metals from electronic waste by bacterial leaching
Willner J., Fornalczyk A.
Environment Protection Engineering
|
2013
|
Vol. 39, nr 1
197--208
EN
Electronic waste is usually processed by means of classical methods, i.e. in pyro- and hydro-metallurgical processes. However, new solutions for more economically and ecologically efficient recovery of metals are constantly being searched for. Biohydrometallurgy can become a promising technology of recovering metals from industrial waste. Bioleaching - one of the methods applied in that technology - is the subject of particular interest of many scientific centres. The paper presents the results of laboratory tests of bacterial leaching of metals from electronic scrap. It describes the mechanisms of this process and the factors influencing the chemical reaction. The paper also presents preliminary results of experimental studies on the copper bioleaching from electronic waste with the participation of Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans bacteria.
20
Content available remote E-waste as a source of valuable metals
Fornalczyk A., Willner J., Francuz K., Cebulski J.
Archives of Materials Science and Engineering
|
2013
|
Vol. 63, nr 2
87--92
EN
Purpose: Recovery of metals and precious metals from electronic waste (e-waste) has been an important topic not only for economic aspect but also for recycling rare natural sources and reducing the e-waste to prevent the environmental pollution. The paper presents data concerning material composition of e-waste, with particular attention directed to the precious metals and possibility of their recovery from Printed Circuit Boards (PCBs). Design/methodology/approach: Material balance, one of the most popular and widespread e-waste in the form of used mobile phones, has been conducted. The results of preliminary leaching of precious metals from ground mass of PCBs derived from used mobile phones have been also shown. Findings: Main source of precious metals in e-waste are PCBs. In the adopted experimental conditions, when aqua regia was used in the second stage of the leaching, precious metals have not been effectively recovered. Material complexity of PCBs may complicate the hydrometallurgical processes and can reduce the effectiveness of metals recovery. Research limitations/implications: E-waste consists of several components in the form of metals and multi-material elements. The base metals include iron, copper, aluminum, nickel, zinc, selenium, indium, gallium and precious metals. Hazardous substances that can be found in e-waste, include: mercury, beryllium, lead, arsenic, cadmium, antimony. In addition, the large material group consists of plastics, glass and ceramics. Recovery of desired material with such a diverse group of waste requires the use of complex technology recycling. The biggest problem is a necessity of applying different technologies for the processing of various materials, which are extracted in the subsequent stages of recycling. Practical implications: This cognitive work provides the basis for further research. Originality/value: It is a research work.
first rewind previous Strona / 2 next fast forward last
JavaScript jest wyłączony w Twojej przeglądarce internetowej. Włącz go, a następnie odśwież stronę, aby móc w pełni z niej korzystać.