Wyniki wyszukiwania - BazTech

1

Czy na Dolnym Śląsku występują naturalne analogi skał księżycowych?

Przylibski Tadeusz A., Szczęśniewicz Mateusz, Blutstein Konrad

Przegląd Geologiczny

|

2024

|

Vol. 72, nr 1

26--46

EN

We describe the geological structure of the Moon and its evolution from the time of its joint formation with the Earth to the present. The common origin of both of these bodies justifies the search for analogues of the rocks that build the Earth andthe Moon. On this basis, we characterize the rocks that constitute the crust of the Moon. These comprise rocks of the primary planetary anorthosite crust: anorthosites and, subordinately, other gabbroid rocks (gabbros, troctolites, norrites). These rocks make up the lunar highlands and mainly build the far side of the Moon. On the near side, there are vast areas covered with basaltoids several hundred meters thick, of various ages: the lunarmaria. These two types of igneous rocks constitute the Moon's crust. Its surface is coveredwith materialproduced by impact metamorphism from incoming asteroids, meteoroids, micrometeoroids and interplanetary dust, as well as resulting from the crust's interaction with solar wind particles and cosmic radiation. This regolith comprises loose material a few to several meters thick. We compare the chemical composition of these lunar igneous rocks with the chemical composition of the igneous rocks of Lower Silesia. Basaltoids, anorthosites, gabbros and troctolites were included in our analysis. We conclude, unsurprisingly, that it is currently impossible to indicate the occurrence of natural analogues of lunar rocks in Lower Silesia. There are large differences between the chemical composition between the rocks constituting the primary planetary crust of the Moon and the igneous alkaline rocks of Lower Silesia, the latter representing strongly differentiated igneous rocks of the Earth's crust and upper mantle. Nevertheless, in the case of basaltoids, it will likely be possible in the near future to find rocks that can, with some approximation, be considered analogues of lunar basaltoids. At present, potential locations of lunar-like basalts and foidites include the Zaręba and Księginki quarries near Lubań. In the case of plutonie rocks, especially anorthosites, Lower Silesian analogues of lunar rocks will be very approximate. However, based on basaltoid rocks from Lower Silesia, and perhaps later also using gabbroid rocks, it should be possible to produce a natural analogue of the lunar regolith. Rock material from terrestrial analogues will have to be significantly processed both physically and chemically to obtain the composition and structure of this regolith material. These considerations, however, are not the purpose of this work. We focus primarily on analogies of chemical and mineral composition, as the basic features enabling the production of a lunar regolith analogue. We are particularly interested in pointing out analogies resulting from the composition of the parent magmas of these rocks, as reflected in the chemical composition of the rocks and their mineral composition. Due to significant differences in the age of crystallization of lunar magmas and their conditions of this crystallization compared to the rocks of Lower Silesia (on Earth), it is not presently possible to indicate Lower Silesian age-analogues of lunar rocks or structural and textural analogues.

2

Górnictwo pozaziemskie w Polsce

Przylibski Tadeusz A., Łuszczek Katarzyna, Blutstein Konrad, Szczęśniewicz Mateusz, Ciapka Dominika

Przegląd Górniczy

|

2022

|

T. 78, nr 3

17--24

PL

Autorzy przedstawili aktualny na połowę 2022 roku stan szeroko rozumianego górnictwa pozaziemskiego w Polsce. Analiza autorów objęła wszelkie inicjatywy, projekty i badania, które dotyczą różnych aspektów eksploracji pozaziemskich ciał Układu Słonecznego pod kątem rozpoznania i wykorzystania znajdujących się na nich złóż różnorodnych surowców. W Polsce mamy obecnie wiele możliwości rozwoju sektora górnictwa pozaziemskiego. Sytuacja ta jednak w najbliższym czasie będzie się pogarszać, jeśli nie zostaną stworzone warunki do rozwoju tej dziedziny wiedzy i przemysłu. Oczywiście istotne jest zainwestowanie odpowiednich środków finansowych, ale także wykreowanie odpowiedniej polityki rozwoju i podjęcie kompleksowych działań sprzyjających rozwojowi dydaktyki i nauki w zakresie górnictwa i górnictwa pozaziemskiego. Równie istotne jest także wspieranie, a najlepiej realizowanie spójnej koncepcji rozwoju górnictwa pozaziemskiego, jako bardzo istotnej części przemysłu sektora kosmicznego.

EN

The Authors presented the current state of the broadly understood extraterrestrial mining in Poland in mid-2022. The authors’ analysis covered all initiatives, projects and research that relate to various aspects of the Solar System’s extraterrestrial bodies exploration in terms of the identification and use of various raw materials on them. Currently we have many opportunities for the development of the extraterrestrial mining sector in Poland. However, this situation will deteriorate in the near future, if the conditions for the development of this field of knowledge and industry are not created. Of course, it is crucial to invest appropriate funds, but also to create an appropriate development policy and undertake comprehensive activities conducive to the development of teaching and science in the field of mining and extraterrestrial mining. It is also equally important to support, and preferably implement, a coherent concept for the development of extraterrestrial mining as a significant part of the space sector industry.

3

Chondryt węglisty NWA 4446

Przylibski Tadeusz A., Blutstein Konrad, Łuszczek Katarzyna, Gruchot Joanna

Przegląd Geologiczny

|

2022

|

Vol. 70, nr 7

513--526

EN

The authors carried out petrographic, mineralogical, and chemical analyses (bulk chemical composition and microanalyses of mineral chemical composition) of NWA 4446 carbonaceous chondrite. NWA 4446 chondrite is classified as CV3, S2, W2. This meteorite is a rock fragment most likely from one of the C-type asteroids orbiting the Sun in the outer part of the asteroid belt. It represents the matter formed at the earliest stages of the formation of extrasola bodies in the solar system. As a result of the research, the authors documented a wider range of variation in the chemical composition of olivine crystals (Fa: 0.67-46.57 mol%) in the matrix and chondrules, and a much narrower range of variation in the chemical com- position of pyroxene crystals (Fs: 0.90–3.35 mol%) against the data used for the classification of the meteorite. The characteristics of the chondrules, ranging in size from 0.5 to more than 1 mm, allowed concluding that they constitute about 60% of the meteorite’s vol- ume, in which they form many structural and mineral varieties PO, POP, BO, PP and RP chondrules were observed. The remaining 40% of the chondrite volume is a matrix consisting of small crystals of pyroxenes, olivines, glass, as well as opaque minerals: sulphides, FeNi alloy, native copper and gold grains, carbonaceous substance, and compact CAIs. The mineral and chemical composi- tion of CAIs shows that their dominant mineral is melilite, accompanied by diopside and spinel. The chemical composition of spinel and diopside is very similar to their total chemical formulas, while the composition of melilite shows a significant sodium deficiency. Among the opaque minerals, one phase of the FeNi dominates - awaruite (Ni 3 Fe), and sulphides are represented by troilite (FeS) and mackinawite ((Fe,Ni) 9 S 8 ). Moreover, grains of native copper with an admixture of gold and grains of native gold with an admixture of platinum, nickel and copper with a size of several μm were identified. Taking into account the admixtures contained in the above-mentioned opaque minerals (mainly Co and Cu), the parent rock of the carbonaceous chondrite NWA 4446 can be considered to have been mineralized with Fe, Ni, Co and Cu ore minerals with the content of Au and Pt. This means that, we can expect deposits of native forms of the above-mentioned metals and sulphides on the parent bodies of carbonaceous chondrites of the CV group - C-type asteroids.

4

Potential extraterrestrial sources of lithium

Blutstein Konrad

Geological Quarterly

|

2021

|

Vol. 65, No. 4

195--203

EN

Extracting raw materials from extraterrestrial sources is a prerequisite for the expansion of our civilization into space. It will be necessary to acquire there practically all commonly used elements – including lithium. The most valuable source of this element currently appears to be lunar soil and rocks, especially K-rich rocks and breccias (>10 ppm of Li). Among the meteorites, the highest content of lithium is characterized by lunar mare basalts and gabbro, eucrites, Martian polymict breccia, nakhlites, howardites (>5 ppm), shergottites, chassignites, lunar anorthosites breccias, mesosiderites, ureilites (>2.5 ppm), diogenites, LL, angrites, H (>2 ppm), L, CM, CO, CV, EH, CI (>1.5 ppm), brachinites, aubrites, EL, CR (>1 ppm), CK and main-group pallasites (<1 ppm). This means that a potential extraterrestrial source of lithium can be the Moon, Mars, and the 4 Vesta minor planet considered as the probable parent body of HED meteorites.