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Mechanically non-contact axial flow blood pump

Mitamura Y., Kido K., Yano T., Sakota D., Yozu R., Okamoto E., Murabayashi S., Nishimura I.

Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering

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2007

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Vol. 27, no. 1-2

139-146

EN

To overcome the drive shaft seal and bearing problem of the rotary blood pump, a hydro-dynamic bearing, a magnetic fluid seal and a brushless DC motor were employed in an axial flow pump. This enabled contact free rotation of the impeller without material wear. The axial flow pump consists of a brushless DC motor, an impeller and a guide vane. The motor rotor is directly connected to the impeller by a motor shaft. A hydrodynamic bearing is installed on the motor shaft. The motor and the hydrodynamic bearing are housed in a cylindrical casing and are waterproofed by a magnetic fluid seal. Impeller shaft displacement was measured using laser sensor. The axial and radial displacements of the shaft were less than a few micrometers for up to 8500 rpm. The shaft did not touch the housing. A flow of 5 L/min was obtained at 8000 rpm at a pressure difference of 100 mmHg. The left ventricular bypass experiment was performed in vitro. With an increase of the motor speed, the bypass flow increased, and at 7000 rpm a total bypass was obtained. The hydrodynamic bearing worked normally under variable load conditions. In conclusion, the axial flow blood pump consisting of a hydrodynamic bearing, a magnetic fluid seal and a brushless DC motor provides contact free rotation of the impeller without material wear.

2

Current states of small and lightweight pulsatile motor driven LVAD

Okamoto E., Tanaka S., Makino T., Miura K., Okada S., Mitoh A., Mitamura Y.

Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering

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2007

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Vol. 27, no. 1-2

155-160

EN

A small size and lightweight motor-driven pulsatile LVAD using a ball screw has been developed. The motor-driven LVAD consists of a brushless DC motor and a ball-screw. The ball screw converts rotational motion of the motor into rectilinear motion of the pusher plate. The magnetic force between the tiny magnets on the pusher plate and the iron plate adhered on the pump diaphragm provides an active filling operation during the pump filling phase. The pump has a stroke volume of 55 ml, the whole volume of 285 ml and it weighs 360 g. The controller employs the fuzzy logic position and velocity control so that the LVAD experts’ experience could be used in the design of the controller. The LVAD was evaluated in the in-vitro experiments using the mock circulation. Maximum pump outflow of 5.1 l/min was obtained at the drive rate of 100 bpm against an afterload of 100 mmHg, and the active filling mechanism using the magnetic force provided a pump output of 3.6 l/min at a drive rate of 75 bpm under a preload of 0 mmHg. The operating efficiency of the LVAD was established to be measured between 8 and10%.

3

Development of implantable assist pump and its peripheral devices

Okamoto E., Makino T., Yamamoto Y., Asao H., Watanabe N., Nakamura M., Tanaka S., Inoue Y., Yasuda T., Mitamura Y.

Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering

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2006

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Vol. 26, no. 1

45-51

EN

Two national project for development of an artificial heart system are being undertaken in Japan, and Hokkaido Tokai University has taken part in both national projects in order to develop peripheral devices of an implantable VAD (ventricular assist device) system. Each of the peripheral devices incIudes a transcutaneous energy transmission system, an internal battery system, and a transcutaneous information transmission system. Maximum energy transmission efficiency of the transcutaneous energy transmission system is over 85% (DC to DC) at an energy transmission ratio of 25 W. The internal battery system mainly consists of three lithium ion batteries, a charge circuit, and a power interface (case size of 11Ox80x30 mm). The internal battery system can drive a VAD for over 2 hours with maximum battery case surface temperature of 43°C. The information transmission system (diameter of 52 mm and thickness of 12 mm) mainly consists of an ASK modulator and an ASK demodulator employing carrier frequencies of 4 MHz and 10 MHz. It can transmit data electromagnetically between inside and outside of the body bi-directionally at a data transmission ratio of 56 kbps. Long-term animal experiments showed that each peripheral device has adequate performance to support the operation of implantable VAD.

4

Current status of the intra-cardiac axial flow pump

Mitamura Y., Yano T., Kido K., Sakota D., Takahashi N., Mori Y., Murabayashi S., Nishimura I., Sekine K.

Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering

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2006

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Vol. 26, no. 1

39-44

EN

Pulsatile artificial hearts having a relatively large volume are difficult to implant in a small patient, but rotary blood pumps can be easily implanted. The objective of this study was to show the feasibility of using the Valvo-pump, an axial flow pump implanted at the heart valve position, in such cases. The Valvo-pump consists of an impeller and a motor. The motor is waterproofed with a magnetic fluid seal. A blood flow of 5 L/min was obtained at a pressure difference of 13.3 kPa at 7,500 rpm. The normalized index of hemolysis (NIH) was 2.6 times the Bio-Pump. The pump was implanted in three goats between the left ventricle and the aorta. The pump bypassed about 85% of cardiac output. The results showed that the Valvo-pump could maintain systemic circulation with an acceptable level of hemolysis.