Ograniczanie wyników
Czasopisma help
Autorzy help
Lata help
Preferencje help
Widoczny [Schowaj] Abstrakt
Liczba wyników

Znaleziono wyników: 139

Liczba wyników na stronie
first rewind previous Strona / 7 next fast forward last
Wyniki wyszukiwania
help Sortuj według:

help Ogranicz wyniki do:
first rewind previous Strona / 7 next fast forward last
PL
Opisano aktualny stan wiedzy i prace, jakie są prowadzone w Zakładzie Technologii Chemicznej Politechniki Poznańskiej, poświęcone wytwarzaniu zaawansowanych materiałów z udziałem substancji pochodzenia naturalnego, takich jak lignina, chityna i szkielety gąbek morskich. Wskazano kierunki wykorzystania tych unikatowych materiałów.
EN
A review, with 107 refs., of selected bio-based materials (lignin, chitin, skeletons of marine sponges), their properties as well as possibilities for their practical use.
PL
Omówiono zagadnienia dotyczące syntezy funkcjonalnych materiałów tlenkowych i hybrydowych połączeń nieorganiczno-nieorganicznych oraz nieorganiczno-organicznych. Szczególną uwagę zwrócono na spektrum metod wykorzystywanych do ich preparatyki oraz wpływ warunków procesowych na ich parametry fizykochemiczne. Utylitarnym aspektem prezentowanych zagadnień jest wykorzystanie wytworzonych materiałów w szeroko rozumianej ochronie środowiska ukierunkowanej na usuwanie zanieczyszczeń nieorganicznych oraz organicznych z roztworów wodnych, a także w charakterze aktywnych komponentów materiałów elektrodowych. Istotny nacisk położono na proces adsorpcji oraz fotokatalitycznej degradacji wybranych modelowych zanieczyszczeń organicznych.
EN
A review, with 86 ref., of functional oxide and hybrid inorg.- inorg. as well as inorg.-org. materials, their prepn., physicochem. properties and uses for environmental protection aimed at removing of inorg. and org. pollutants from aq. solns. and for prodn. of electrode materials.
PL
Z wykorzystaniem wytłaczarki dwuślimakowej współbieżnej sporządzono kompozycje poliestrowej farby proszkowej BFP z wytypowanymi nanonapełniaczami: zmodyfikowanym bentonitem oraz krzemionką modyfikowaną metakrylanem 3-(trimetoksysililo)propylu i naniesiono je na płytki metalowe. Stwierdzono, że powłoki wykonane z kompozycji farby proszkowej z nanonapełniaczami i dodatkami wykazują znacznie korzystniejsze właściwości: połysk, twardość względną, udarność, plastyczność, odporność na zarysowania, przyczepność do podłoża oraz wytrzymałość przy ścinaniu niż powłoki z niemodyfikowanej farby proszkowej.
EN
The compositions of polyester powder paint BFP and selected nanofillers: modified bentonite and silica modified with 3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl methacrylate were prepared using a co-rotating twin-screw extruder. The obtained compositions were applied to metal plates. It was found that the coatings prepared from the compositions of powder paint, nanofillers and additives showed much better performance (gloss, relative hardness, impact resistance, ductility, scratch resistance, adhesion to substrate and shear strength) compared to the coating obtained using unmodified powder paint.
EN
The possibility of application of calcium lignosulfonate (CLS) as an eco-friendly additive for crosslinking fibrous composites with phenol-formaldehyde resin matrix was investigated. CLS has been characterized in detail in terms of its physicochemical and dispersive-morphological properties. The compositions of phenol-formaldehyde resin with CLS or with bentonite modified with trimethyl-2-hydroxypropyl ammonium chloride were prepared. Such compositions were used to impregnate fiberglass meshes. Mechanical properties of the prepared samples were determined, and their morphology as well as surface properties were assessed. A pronounced effect of the type of applied filler on the mechanical properties was observed. The best results were obtained for fiberglass meshes impregnated using phenol-formaldehyde resin with 1 wt % modified bentonite and 1 wt % CLS.
PL
Badano możliwości zastosowania lignosulfonianu wapnia (CLS) jako przyjaznego środowisku dodatku stosowanego do sieciowania kompozytów włóknistych, których osnowę stanowiła żywica fenolowo-formaldehydowa. Na wstępie szczegółowo scharakteryzowano CLS określając jego najważniejsze właściwości fizykochemiczne i dyspersyjno-morfologiczne. Następnie wytworzono kompozycje żywicy fenolowo-formaldehydowej z CLS lub z bentonitem modyfikowanym chlorkiem trimetylo-2-hydroksypropyloamoniowym. Tak przygotowanych kompozycji użyto do impregnacji siatek z włókna szklanego. Zbadano właściwości mechaniczne oraz oceniono morfologię i właściwości powierzchniowe sporządzonych próbek. Stwierdzono wyraźny wpływ rodzaju zastosowanego napełniacza na parametry wytrzymałościowe próbek. Najlepsze rezultaty uzyskano w przypadku siatek szklanych impregnowanych żywicą fenolowo-formaldehydową z dodatkiem 1 % mas. modyfikowanego bentonitu i 1 % mas. CLS.
EN
The aim of this study was to effectively combine synthetic magnesium silicate with the lignin-derived biopolymer calcium lignosulfonate, using the in situ sol-gel route. Magnesium ethoxide and tetraethoxysilane were used as precursors of MgO and SiO2. The synthesis was carried out in alcoholic solution with the addition of ammonia solution as a promoter of hydrolysis. Calcium lignosulfonate was introduced to the reaction medium prior to the synthesis of magnesium silicate. The resulting hybrid powder material was thoroughly characterized, including morphology and particle sizes (SEM microscopy and the DLS technique), porous structure parameters (the BET method and BJH model), thermal stability (TG analysis) and electrokinetic stability (LDV measurements). FTIR spectral analysis was carried out to confirm the effectiveness of the proposed synthesis methodology. Based on the results, a mechanism is proposed for the MgSiO3/lignosulfonate interactions. The resulting novel type of hybrid material combines the multifunctional nature of the biopolymer (diversity of functional groups) with the well-developed porous structure of synthetic magnesium silicate. Its physicochemical parameters were found to depend significantly on the quantity of lignosulfonate used in the synthesis.
6
Content available remote Zaawansowane materiały hybrydowe : teraźniejszość i przyszłość
PL
W ostatnich latach w efektywny i zintensyfikowany sposób rozwijana jest tematyka związana z syntezą zaawansowanych, wielofunkcjonalnych układów hybrydowych, m.in. na bazie polimerów pochodzenia naturalnego. Dzięki połączeniu kilku komponentów wytwarzane są materiały o bardzo dużym znaczeniu użytkowym. W ramach szeroko zakrojonych prac naukowo-technicznych, obejmujących szereg zazębiających się ścieżek reakcyjnych i procesowych, wytworzono m.in. nowatorskie, zaawansowane układy hybrydowe na bazie ligniny oraz chityny. Znaczenie tych materiałów w rozwoju innowacyjności potwierdzają próby podjęte w kierunku ich zastosowania w różnych dziedzinach nauki oraz gospodarki. Przyszłość nowoczesnej technologii chemicznej należy do takich zaawansowanych układów, a ich rozwój jest ze wszech miar uzasadniony.
EN
A review, with 106 refs., of lignin and chitin-matrix composites.
EN
We demonstrate here that lignin can be successfully combined with silica to create a multifunctional material with considerable sorption capabilities. Experiments were carried out in which a silica/lignin hybrid was used for the removal of lead(II) ions from water solutions. Adsorption kinetics were also determined and preliminary regeneration tests were performed. The effectiveness of the adsorption process depends on the following parameters: contact time of adsorbent and adsorbate (equilibrium times: 5 min for concentration 25 mg/L, 10 min for 50 and 75 mg/L, 60 min for 100 mg/L), pH (optimal pH = 5) and adsorbent mass. The kinetics of the adsorption of lead(II) ions on the SiO2/lignin biosorbent are best described by a pseudo-second-order model. Adsorption isotherms of lead(II) ions were also determined. The experimental data were found to be in agreement with the Langmuir model, and the maximal sorption capacity of the adsorbent with respect to lead(II) was 89.02 mg/g.
EN
Functional hybrid fillers (kraft lignin conjugated with Sylobloc® 41 silica) were obtained using a process of mechanical grinding of precursors. The products underwent comprehensive physicochemical and dispersive-morphological analysis. The organic-inorganic fillers have good homogeneity and a relatively high surface area. Composites of rigid poly(vinyl chloride) as a matrix with these specific dual fillers were produced in molten state. Data on the processing properties of the blends show the beneficial impact of fillers on gelation time. The presence of lignin/silica fillers strongly influences the thermal stability of PVC as well as Vicat softening temperature.
PL
Funkcjonalne napełniacze hybrydowe wytworzono przy użyciu ligniny krafta oraz krzemionki Sylobloc® 41, z wykorzystaniem procesu mechanicznego rozdrabniania prekursorów. Otrzymane produkty poddano analizie fizykochemicznej i dyspersyjno-morfologicznej. Wytworzone organiczno-nieorganiczne napełniacze hybrydowe charakteryzowały się jednorodną strukturą oraz rozwiniętą powierzchnią właściwą. Na bazie poli(chlorku winylu) i uzyskanych napełniaczy hybrydowych otrzymywano kompozyty w stanie stopionym. Oznaczone właściwości przetwórcze wskazują na korzystny wpływ użytych napełniaczy na czas żelowania mieszanek. Obecność układu hybrydowego lignina/krzemionka w istotnym stopniu oddziałuje także na stabilność cieplną PVC oraz jego temperaturę mięknienia wg Vicata.
EN
Functional inorganic-organic hybrids were synthesized using as a precursor silica with the addition of an appropriate amount of lignin as components. Three types of silica were applied as the support: the commercial silicas Syloid 244 and Aerosil 200, and hydrated silica precipitated in a polar system. The silicon dioxide was initially functionalized with aminosilane to activate the surface, and then the silica-based material was combined with lignin oxidized using hydrogen peroxide. The obtained inorganic-organic hybrids underwent physicochemical and dispersive-morphological analysis, with comparison of the results depending on the composition of the test samples. In addition, particle size distributions were determined and the surface structure of the products assessed by scanning electron microscopy. The presence of functional groups was also determined by FTIR spectroscopy. The thermal analysis of the silica/lignin materials was also performed, as well as the elemental and colorimetric analyses, which indirectly confirmed the correctness of the synthesis process. Hybrid materials with the most favorable dispersive and morphological properties were obtained by adding a small amount of biopolymer. The thermogravimetric analysis of the SiO2/lignin hybrids indicated their good thermal stability. With increasing quantity of lignin per 100 parts by weight of silica matrix, progressive deterioration in the thermal stability of the materials was observed.
PL
Dokonano mikrostrukturalnej oraz fizykochemicznej charakterystyki aerożeli zastosowanych do wytwarzania pianek poliuretanowych. Określono najistotniejsze parametry dyspersyjne napełniaczy oraz ich charakter hydrofilowo-hydrofobowy. Kompozyty przebadano pod kątem wytrzymałości na ściskanie i rozciąganie. Bardzo istotnych informacji dostarczyły badania termoizolacyjnych właściwości otrzymanych kompozytów przeprowadzone metodą ścianki pomocniczej. Stwierdzono, że pianka z dodatkiem napełniacza PEX 40 jest najbardziej odpowiednia (w przyszłych badaniach aplikacyjnych) jako materiał o względnie dobrych właściwościach termoizolacyjnych.
EN
Eight com. aerogels were used as fillers for polyurethane foams tested for their compression and tensile strength. The addn. of selected aerogel filler resulted in enhancing of the thermal insulating properties of the foam.
EN
Hydroxyapatite (HAp)/chitosan (CS) composites were synthesized via a one-step co-precipitation method from aqueous solution, with the use of calcium chloride (CaCl2) and disodium hydrogen phosphate (Na2HPO4). CS was obtained via partial deacetylation of chitin with the use of strong sodium hydroxide solution. Composites were prepared with various HAp/CS ratios (30/70, 50/50, 70/30, 85/15) for comprehensive comparison of their properties. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) analysis showed that hydrogen bonds were formed between the organic matrix and the mineral compound, confirming a successful phase interconnection. X-ray diffraction patterns were obtained, enabling examination of the crystalline properties of the composites, including HAp identification. The porous structure parameters of the composites were investigated, and morphological analysis (SEM) was performed. Differential Thermal Gravimetry (DTG) analysis of the composites indicated that the material is thermally stable up to 200 oC. Additionally, Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) analysis of the mineral was carried out to check the Ca/P ratio, and confirmed its similarity to pure HAp.
EN
Hydroxyapatite is used as a matrix for immobilization of protease from Aspergillus oryzae by a process of adsorption. The matrix obtained has the surface area of 26 m2/g and particles in the shape of flakes of diameters no greater than 650 nm. The efficiency of the proposed method was confirmed by the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, elemental analysis and by analysis of parameters of the pore structure of matrix and products after immobilization. On the basis of the Bradford method it was found that the greatest amount of enzyme (132 mg/g) was immobilized from a solution of initial enzyme concentration of 7 mg/cm3 after 24 h of the process.
EN
Synthesis of magnesium hydroxide was performed by the precipitation method with the use of magnesium sulfate and sodium hydroxide. The infiuence of temperature and ratio of reagents was studied. Magnesium hydroxides, and the magnesium oxides obtained from them by thermal decomposition, were analyzed to determine their bulk density, polydispersity and particle size. The magnesium oxide with the largest surface area was tested as a catalyst in the oxyethylation of lauryl alcohol, and shown to be selective but poorly reactive in comparison with commercially available catalysts. Further studies are needed to improve its reactivity.
EN
The aim of this work was to study the activity of unmodifi ed and modifi ed ZnO in the peroxide crosslinking of hydrogenated acrylonitrile-butadiene elastomer (HNBR) and ethylene-propylene copolymer (EPM). In the fi rst step, zinc oxide was obtained by emulsion precipitation. Maleic acid was introduced onto the surface of ZnO Rusing an in situ method. The unmodified and modified zinc oxide was characterized using dispersive and morphological analysis, BET surface area analysis, and elemental, spectroscopic and thermal analysis. In the second stage of the research, the ZnO/MA systems were incorporated into the structure of elastomer compounds improving the kinetic and mechanical properties of vulcanizates. The proposed modification method had a favorable effect on the physicochemical properties of the zinc oxide and on the kinetic and mechanical properties of the vulcanizates. This study demonstrated that modification of zinc oxide by maleic acid is a promising technique.
15
EN
The paper presents the methodology of the process of manufacturing of technical profile models on the example gear wheels made of epoxy composites cast in silicone molds using vacuum casting technology. Research on preparation of epoxy resin composites filled with hybrid modifiers has been carried out. Mechanical and processing properties of composites have been evaluated, particularly in terms of application in rapid prototyping of gear wheels. Considerable improvement of tensile strength (up to 44 %) and unnotched impact strength (up to 93 %) has been observed. Geometric accuracy of gear wheels prepared by casting of the analyzed hybrid composites has been determined using a coordinate measuring machine. Morphology of the brittle fracture of studied composites has been observed on brittle fractures using a scanning electron microscope (SEM).
PL
W artykule przedstawiono metodykę procesu wytwarzania modeli profili technicznych na przykładzie kół zębatych wykonanych z kompozytów epoksydowych metodą odlewania próżniowego w formach silikonowych. Otrzymano kompozyty na osnowie żywicy epoksydowej napełnione modyfikatorami hybrydowymi. Oceniono właściwości użytkowe i przetwórcze kompozytów, zwłaszcza pod względem możliwości ich zastosowania w metodach szybkiego prototypowania do otrzymywania kół zębatych. Stwierdzono wyraźną poprawę wytrzymałości na rozciąganie (do 44 %) oraz udarności bez karbu (do 93 %). Na stanowisku współrzędnościowym określono także dokładność geometryczną odlanych modeli kół zębatych, a za pomocą skaningowego mikroskopu elektronowego (SEM) zbadano ich morfologię, obserwowaną na kruchych przełomach.
EN
Hydroxyapatite was synthesized by precipitation method using an anionic surfactant (SDS) template, at ambient temperature and normal pressure. Phosphoric acid and disodium phosphate were used as a precursor of phosphorous, whereas calcium hydroxide and chloride were used as a precursor of calcium. The obtained hydroxyapatite was subjected to a wide range of physicochemical analysis using various measurement techniques. In order to get information about the properties of the obtained products, the following analysis of characteristics was performed: dispersion (NIBS), morphological (SEM), adsorptive (BET) and structural (XRD). Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and elemental analysis were also applied.
EN
The paper details with of the preparation and physicochemical characterisation of nano- and microstructured TiO2 doped with Fe and Co produced by the sol-gel method using titanium alkoxide as the precursor of titania as well as iron or cobalt nitrates as dopant sources. Fe and Co doped TiO2 materials were successfully prepared with two different methods. The effect of the dopant type on the synthesis of TiO2 powders was investigated. The physicochemical properties of the studied samples were determined. The characterisation included determination of the dispersion and morphology of the systems (particle size distribution, SEM images), characteristics of porous structure (BET isotherms), crystalline structure (XRD), surface composition (EDS), as well as thermal stability (TG/DTA).
EN
Physicochemical properties of different oxide systems depend mostly on the method of their preparation and classification, so the main aim of the study was to obtain the MgO·SiO2 hybrid in an aqueous solution and its calcination under assumed conditions. Research scope included evaluation of the effect of the basic parameters of the calcination process (time and temperature) on the structural properties of the final materials. Products obtained by the proposed method were thoroughly characterized. The chemical composition, crystalline structure, morphology and nature of the dispersion as well as parameters of the porous structure were established. The results of research in a decisive manner confirmed the possibility of designing the properties of inorganic oxide systems such as MgO·SiO2, which will definitively scheduled into potential directions for their use.
EN
Hybrid nanofillers of silica grafted with octakis({3-methacryloxypropyl}dimethylsiloxy) octasilsesquioxane were obtained by the method based on solvent evaporation with the use of both hydrated or emulsion spherical silica. Octakis({3-methacryloxypropyl}dimethylsiloxy) octasilsesquioxane was applied as a modifying agent and it was synthesized by employing the hydrosilylation reaction. The effectiveness of modification of the hybrid nanofillers obtained was verified using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance (29Si and 13C CP MAS NMR). The products obtained were characterized by determination of their physicochemical properties and porous structure, including specific surface area, pore diameter and pore volume. Dispersion degree and particle size of the nanofillers was characterized by NIBS (Non-Invasive Back-scatter) method and laser diffraction technique, while their morphology by transmission electron microscopy.
EN
Advanced silica/lignosulfonate composites were obtained using magnesium lignosulfonate and silica precipitated in a polar medium. For comparative purposes analogous synthesis was performed using commercial silica Aerosil®200. Lignosulfonates are waste products of paper industry and their application in new multifunctional materials is of great economic interest. The composites obtained were subjected to thorough characterization by determination of their physicochemical, dispersive-morphological and electrokinetic properties. Their particle size distribution was measured, SEM images were taken, FT-IR analysis and colorimetric study were made, thermal and electrokinetic stabilities and parameters of porous structure were also determined. The results can be of interest in further application studies.
first rewind previous Strona / 7 next fast forward last
JavaScript jest wyłączony w Twojej przeglądarce internetowej. Włącz go, a następnie odśwież stronę, aby móc w pełni z niej korzystać.