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1

Selected tribological parameters for silumin alloy used for engine piston

Kozuba J., Wieszała R., Mendala J., Roszak M., Pakieła W.

Archives of Materials Science and Engineering

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2021

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Vol. 107, nr 2

64--71

EN

Purpose: The conducted tests were aimed at determining whether the tested material meets the requirements for wear resistance in modern turbocharged combustion engines where there is an increased temperature and higher pressure. Design/methodology/approach: The tests were performed in a pin-on-disc system, according to the ASTM G 99 standard. Findings: The article presents the results of the coefficient of friction, the amount of wear, chemical analysis and surface profile of the tested material A390.0 in combination with EN GJL-350 cast iron. Research limitations/implications: The tested materials are used in the construction of pistons for internal combustion engines, therefore the test parameters were selected to take into account the operating conditions in a turbocharged engine with a power of up to 100 kW. Practical implications: After analysing the properties of the A390.0 alloy at elevated temperatures, it was found that without additional modifications, the alloy cannot be used in modern combustion engines, in particular with turbocharging. Originality/value: Presents the results of research concerning mechanical properties (HB, HV, Rm) and yield properties (R0.2, A5, Z) of the examined alloy.

2

The impact of air traffic increases on the safety of air operations in the Polish airspace

Kozuba J., Krawczyk J., Korytek Ł.

Zeszyty Naukowe. Transport / Politechnika Śląska

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2018

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z. 98

53--63

EN

Polish airspace is available to all its users on an equal basis . The state is obliged to ensure the safety of aviation operations within its air borders and to safeguard the fluidity of air traffic through the appropriate operationalization of telecommunications, navigation, signal codes and proper airport infrastructure, as well as area navigation . Increasing air traffic requires constant amelioration of airspace structures and the management of airspace and air traffic flow, in accordance with international laws and country-specific circumstances. This article discusses the changes in air traffic throughput from 1997 to 2016 and analyses air traffic and its influence on airspace safety, based on statistics from the Polish Air Navigation Services Agency (PANSA). The article also examines the increase in the number of aircraft, taking into account the delays generated in European and Polish airspace, while outlining the changes in air traffic management (ATM), as implemented by the PANSA.

3

Concepts of managing and increasing the efficiency of using airspace in relation to increasing air traffic

Kozuba J., Krawczyk J.

Security and Defence Quarterly

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2018

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Vol. 18, No. 1

45--56

EN

Polish airspace is available on equal terms to all its users. Due to the increasing air traffic airspace structure and the system of airspace, management should constantly improve, taking into account the provisions of international and national conditions. Th e article looks at issues in the management of airspace in order to increase the efficiency of the use of Polish airspace while maintaining an appropriate level of air traffic safety during flight operations by military and civilian aircraft.

4

Nowoczesne komponenty zarządzania logistycznego w transporcie lotniczym

Kunert O., Kozuba J.

Gospodarka Materiałowa i Logistyka

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2018

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nr 12

650--668, CD

PL

Gospodarka oparta na wiedzy, mająca charakter systemowy, rozwija się w oparciu o metodyczne podstawy i przy zastosowaniu nowoczesnych narzędzi, głównie systemów informacyjno-komunikacyjnych. Celem publikacji jest przedstawienie przez autorów stopnia zaawansowania zastosowań informatyki w nowej jakościowo gospodarce na przykładzie logistyki lotnictwa. Przepływ informacji w postaci elektronicznej wykreował jednolitą płaszczyznę komunikacji wewnętrznej i z otoczeniem, w której mieszczą się także nowoczesne metody usprawniania procesów logistycznych organizacji oparte o możliwości tkwiące w technologiach informacyjnych. Wyniki badań potwierdziły tezę, że wdrażanie usprawnień procesów logistycznych w lotnictwie wspomagają regularnie przeprowadzane audyty, które w podejściu procesowym osiągają największą skuteczność.

EN

The knowledge-based on the economy, which is systemic, is developed on the basis of methodical foundations and by using modern tools, mainly information and communication systems. The aim of the publication is to present by e Authors a degree of advancement of IT applications in a new quality economy on the example of aviation logistics. The flow of information in an electronic form has created a unified plane of the internal communication and with the environment, which also houses modern methods of streamlining of the organization's logistics processes based on the capabilities of information technologies. The results of the study confirmed the thesis that the implementation of improvements to logistic processes in aviation is supported by regular audits, which are most effective in the process approach.

5

Possibility of processing parameters obtained from on-board flight data recorders for diagnostics and predicting reliable operation periods of important aircraft equipment.

Ogonowski K., Kozuba J.

Zeszyty Naukowe. Transport / Politechnika Śląska

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2017

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z. 95

133-143

EN

In recent years, much attention has been paid to the recording of flight data in order to provide objective information concerning routine and emergency in-flight situations. The data recorded can be used for assessing the air mission execution by the pilot and flight safety breaches, for specifying some damage to the equipment, and for preventing faulty equipment from being used in flights. Flight data recorders (FDRs) are commonly known as “black boxes”. This article presents issues related to flight data acquisition and preparing the data for later use, as well as their impact on flight safety. The systems recording and processing selected parameters not only enable ongoing diagnostics, but also make it possible to predict the period of further reliable operations and to analyse the causes that led to possible damage. In addition to improving economic indicators of the aircraft operation, flight safety is improved. Obviously, the article will only discuss certain ways of enhancing safety by applying the processing of data obtained from FDRs. Nevertheless, I believe it will offer an overall view of how important it is to collect, process and properly analyse such data for diagnostics, prediction and flight safety.

6

Logistical processes in military aviation organizations

Kozuba J., Sarnowski W.

Zeszyty Naukowe. Transport / Politechnika Śląska

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2017

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z. 94

75--88

EN

This article examines airbases as organizational units of the Polish Air Force from the perspective of executing logistical processes, with a particular emphasis on multirole aircraft maintenance processes. We selected air force bases that deal with multirole aircraft in order to become acquainted with the opinions of service processing executors. The observations of most immediate executors of the processes allow us to examine the possibilities for their enhancement and development. We presented the dependencies between different factors occurring in logistics processes, and their relationships and conditionings [3, 6, 7]. We described these factors using comparative parameters by means of the analysis and tools recommended in the science of management [2, 3, 8], while the collected material was developed using statistical tools and computer software [1]. The article is illustrated with numerous pictures and tables.

7

Use of simulation and laboratory tests to shape the vibroactivity of toothed gears

Peruń G., Kozuba J.

Measurement Automation Monitoring

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2017

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Vol. 63, No. 7

242--244

EN

Vibroacoustic phenomena occurring in power transmission systems affect the durability and quality of the driven devices, and also allow for evaluation their technical condition. The article presents the results of laboratory tests aimed at comparing the vibroactivity of the toothed gear, in which the pairs of wheels differ in geometric parameters. The results of research carried on test stand are supplement with results of computer simulations. The proposed test method can be used to determine general vibration and noise reduction guidelines for power transmission systems with toothed gear. The results of the numerical and laboratory tests carried out at the transmission system with circulating power system show that the uncomplicated transformation of the gear geometry used in the toothed gear from the manufacturing point of view allows to reduce the level of vibroacoustic phenomena accompanying their work.

8

Numerical research of toothed gears geometry influence on power transmission system vibroactivity

Peruń G., Kozuba J.

Journal of KONES

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2017

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Vol. 24, No. 4

239--246

EN

The article presents results of numerical studies on the influence of selected factors on the dynamic effects and vibroactivity in power transmission system with toothed gear. Optimization of the constructions of the toothed gears is in many cases only possible by applying the numerical methods. Dynamic models allow determining the influence of a range of factors on the dynamic phenomena occurring during work of toothed gear. The studies were performed with use a custom developed dynamic model of a test stand with the gears operating in the circulating power system. It was assumed, that properly defined and identified model can be used to analyse dynamic phenomena occurring in meshing and bearings of toothed gears and allows optimizing their construction, especially allows minimization their vibroactivity. Numerical calculations were based on two sets of input data. Sets of input data consist information on all parameters included in the model, and which were determined during the identification process carried out in laboratory at two test stands. Selected results of simulations presented in this article prove, that identified dynamic model can be used to analysis of the impact of various constructional, technological and operational factors on the vibroactivity of the toothed gear.

9

Influence of toothed gear geometry parameters on power transmission system vibroactivity

Peruń G., Kozuba J.

Journal of KONES

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2017

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Vol. 24, No. 4

247--254

EN

The article presents selected results of experimental studies on the influence of chosen factors on the dynamic effects and vibroactivity of toothed gears in power transmission systems. The studies were performed on test stand with the gears operating in the circulating power system. On initial phase of the research, four pairs of helical gear wheels with the same value of gear ratios were designed and manufactured. The wheels differed by values of transverse contact ratio εα, face contact ratio εβ and total contact ration εC. In the research, the transverse vibration velocities of the shafts and housing of the tested toothed gear on FZG test stand was assumed to be the vibroactivity criterion. The measurements of the vibrations were carried out on the shafts and at seven points of the top plate of the housing. The vibrations were measured using a laser vibrometer and acceleration sensors. In addition, selected experimental results of measurements were compared with results of numerical simulations. To the simulations was used extended, identified dynamic model of the FZG test stand. The parameters of the wheels and the measured deviations were introduced into model. Obtained results confirm that by increasing the value of the contact ratio of the helical gear is possible reduction of dynamic phenomena occurring in the toothed gear.

10

Trends of unmanned aerial vehicles’ development on the basis of the current use in the selected armed conflicts

Kozuba J., Kustra M.

Zeszyty Naukowe / Wyższa Szkoła Oficerska Sił Powietrznych

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2016

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Nr 4

103--115

EN

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are under a continuous development stage. Nevertheless, there is a wider range of their use for civilian and military purposes. We have to know, there are changes in the nature of conducted military activities. Nowadays, reconnaissance is conducted as regards the use of UAVs which allow to get the data concerning the opponent’s army. It is also possible from the areas affected by an increased level of risk. Despite a modern technology, it is impossible to replace human’s work by machines. For this reason, methods of unmanned aerial vehicles used in selected military conflicts were described in this article. The paper also tries to make an attempt to determine probable directions of UAV’s evolution for military purposes. The first section of the paper briefly describes the history of UAVs. In the second part, there are presented some possible methods of unmanned aircraft`s classification. The further part of the article focuses on the previous military use and armament which are dedicated for an unmanned aircraft. Lastly, there are characterized expected trends of the development of unmanned aerial vehicles.

11

Koncepcja rozwiązań w zakresie BSP oraz wyzwania dla służb ruchu lotniczego związane z potencjalnym zagrożeniem przez bezpilotowe statki powietrzne

Kozuba J., Krawczyk J.

Zeszyty Naukowe / Wyższa Szkoła Oficerska Sił Powietrznych

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2016

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Nr 3

135--144

PL

Obecne uregulowania prawne w Polsce nie określają zasad wykorzystania Bezzałogowych Statków Powietrznych poza zasięgiem obserwacji wzrokowej. W związku z tym, loty tego typu odbywać się mogą jedynie w wysegregowanych elementach przestrzeni po- wietrznej. Wysegregowana przestrzeń powietrzna pozostaje zamknięta, co skutkuje bra- kiem możliwości jej wykorzystania przez pozostałych użytkowników. W artykule przed- stawiono wyzwania, z jakimi należy się zmierzyć, aby Bezzałogowe Statki Powietrzne mogły wykonywać operacje lotnicze również poza wysegregowaną przestrzenią powietrz- ną z równoczesnym zachowaniem wysokiego poziomu bezpieczeństwa lotów.

EN

Current legislation in Poland does not specify the rules of use of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (BSP), except for visual observation. Thus, flights of this type may be conducted only in some specified, segregated components of airspace. This segregated airspace must remain closed, which results in the fact that it is inaccessible for other users. The article presents the challenges that must be addressed so that Unmanned Aerial Vehicles were allowed to carry out air operations outside segregated airspace while maintaining a high level of flight safety.

12

Human factor in relation to flight safety

Kozuba J., Kustra M.

Zeszyty Naukowe / Wyższa Szkoła Oficerska Sił Powietrznych

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2016

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Nr 2

23--30

EN

The article discusses the influence of human factor-related activities on flight safety. The term “human factor in aviation” is characterized in the first part of the article, which also includes the descriptions of threats for aviation caused by the human factor, including the risks associated with the activities of flight crews and ground personnel. The article also characterizes external factors related to human factor which affect flight safety. There is also a short description of the safety management process which is related to the risk management process as an essential element in improving flight safety.

13

Development of the civil use of unmanned aerial vehicles

Kozuba J., Krakowiak E.

Zeszyty Naukowe / Wyższa Szkoła Oficerska Sił Powietrznych

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2016

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Nr 4

41--51

EN

The following article focuses on the capabilities of unmanned structures and the possibility of using them in many areas from the commercial use to the fully professional operation. The areas in which the potential provided by UAVs can be used, have been described. The article also refers to the changes in the production of new technologies, the regulations relating to their functioning and innovative plans for their future use.

14

Analysis of the aircraft accidents occurred in units of the Polish Air Force Academy in the years 1970–1994

Kozuba J., Kustra M., Tomaszewska J.

Problemy Transportu i Logistyki

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2016

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nr 1 (33)

35--43

EN

The article was written on basis of Flight safety brochures published by the Polish Air Force Academy from 1975 to 1998. The first part is dedicated for actual training process of the Polish military pilots. The second component focuses on the main causes of the occurrence of aircraft accidents in units of the Polish Air Force Academy in concerned period of time. The further part of the article is dedicated to analysis of aircraft accidents occurred in military aviation training units in years 1970–1994.

PL

Poniższy artykuł został napisany w oparciu o Informatory bezpieczeństwa lotów, wydane w Wyższej Szkole Oficerskiej Sił Powietrznych w latach 1975–1998. W części pierwszej opisano aktualny proces szkolenia pilotów wojskowych w Polsce. Następnie scharakteryzowano główne przyczyny wypadków lotniczych w jednostkach Wyższej Szkoły Oficerskiej Sił Powietrznych w rozpatrywanym okresie. W ostatniej części artykułu poddano analizie wypadki zaistniałe w jednostkach szkolnych w latach 1970– 1994.

15

Modelling and simulation of power transmission system oriented on diagnosis of failures in toothed gear

Peruń G., Kozuba J., Pil’a J.

Journal of KONES

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2016

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Vol. 23, No. 2

275--283

EN

In the article are presented chosen research results of influence of local defects in toothed gear on the vibroacoustic signal. Vibroacoustic methods of diagnostics are perfectly suitable to the task of monitoring the status of devices during their normal work. Monitoring of vibrations during operation is particular importance for industrial toothed gear as well gears working in the power transmission systems of aircrafts. Taken into account negative consequences of damages in toothed gears, determination of changes in vibroacoustic signal can prevent possible failures, and is therefore very important. Researches were performed with use residual signals created from synchronously averaged time signals generated by identified dynamic model of toothed gear working in circulating power system. Superior purpose of work is development of effectively methods of damage detection, especially in its early stages, what has great importance during operating aircrafts. The study shows that local damage of the wheels affects changes in the frequency distribution of vibroacoustic signals energy. The degree of damage significantly impacts to the possibility of detecting it on the basis of time signals analyses.

16

Szkolenie lotnicze – zarys dobrych praktyk. Cz. II. Organizacja lotnicza versus szkolenie lotnicze

Kozuba J., Rurak A.

Logistyka

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2015

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nr 6

1468--1477, CD

PL

W artykule odniesiono się roli organizacji lotniczej w aspekcie szkolenia personelu lotniczego. Autorzy przedstawili wnioski w odniesieniu do trzech zasadniczych obszarów warunkujących prawidłową realizacje szkolenia personelu lotniczego tj.: bazy szkoleniowej, kadry instruktorskiej, programów szkolenia i pożądanych praktyk w odniesieniu do prowadzenia zajęć teoretycznych, jak również w mniejszym stopniu szkolenia symulatorowego i praktycznego. Wskazano także na rolę i pożądane zasady wykorzystania e-learningu jako nowoczesnego narzędzia szkoleniowego.

EN

The article pertains to the role of aviation organization in the aviation personnel training. The authors presented conclusions concerning three basic areas affecting the correct implementation of aviation personnel’s training, that is training infrastructure, instructors, training programs and desirable practices in theoretical classes, and, to a smaller extent simulator as well as practical training. The role of e-learning together with the rules of its application as a modern training tool have also been presented.

17

Szkolenie lotnicze – zarys dobrych praktyk. Cz. I. Zmiana podejścia do szkolenia lotniczego na przestrzeni rozwoju lotnictwa

Kozuba J., Rurak A.

Logistyka

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2015

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nr 6

1460--1467, CD

PL

W artykule odniesiono się do kwestii związanych z rozwojem podejścia do szkolenia pilotów na przestrzeni rozwoju lotnictwa. Autorzy poddali analizie opierając się na literaturze przedmiotu, opiniach ekspertów oraz własnych doświadczeniach zasadnicze czynniki kształtujące podejście do metod, technik, narzędzi stosowanych w szkoleniu lotniczym pilotów cywilnych i wojskowych poprzez pryzmat czterech zasadniczych okresów – er, ukształtowanych poprzez zmiany w sposobie podejścia do tego szkolenia.

EN

The article refers to issues related to the development of the approach to pilot training over the time of aviation advance. Based on literature, experts’ opinions and personal experience, the author has analysed and specified basic factors that shaped the approach to methods, techniques and tools applied to training civilian and military pilots within four major periods, characterized by the changes in the approach to the training.

18

Symulatory w procesie szkolenia i doskonalenia lotniczego pilotów oraz personelu naziemnego. Cz.1. Trening symulacyjny funkcją umiejętności lotniczych

Kozuba J., Rurak A.

Logistyka

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2015

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nr 6

1433--1440, CD

PL

W artykule opisano wykorzystanie symulatorów lotniczych w procesie szkolenia i doskonalenia zawodowego personelu lotniczego. Zadania lotnicze realizowane są w środowisku trudnym dla człowieka. Proces szkolenia i doskonalenia lotniczego wspierany jest w coraz większym zakresie przez trening symulacyjny. Proces szkolenia teoretycznego, praktycznego i treningu winien odbywać się w warunkach maksymalnie zbliżonych do sytuacji jakie maja miejsce w realnym działaniu.

EN

The article describes the use of flight simulators in the training and improving vocational skills of aviation personnel. Aviation tasks are performed in an environment difficult for humans. The process of training and improving vocational skills is increasingly supported by simulator training. The processes of both theoretical and practical training should take place in conditions as close as possible to the situations that take place in reality.

19

Symulatory w procesie szkolenia i doskonalenia lotniczego pilotów oraz personelu naziemnego. Cz.2. Rola lotniczych urządzeń treningowych w szkoleniu i doskonaleniu personelu

Kozuba J., Rurak A.

Logistyka

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2015

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nr 6

1441--1451, CD

PL

W artykule autorzy opisują lotnicze urządzenia wspomagające praktyczne szkolenie lotnicze, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem symulatora lotniczego. Specjalistyczny trening na lotniczych urządzeniach treningowych, wspomagający proces szkolenia lotniczego, jest zasadniczą metodą całościowego oddziaływania na organizm pilota, który kompleksowo rozwija pożądane cechy psychofizyczne szkolonego. Autorzy przedstawili zastosowanie lotniczych urządzeń treningowych w szkoleniu i doskonaleniu lotniczym oraz wykazano rolę treningu symulacyjnego pod kątem bezpieczeństwa lotów. W dalszej części wykazano rolę symulatorów lotniczych w szkoleniu i doskonaleniu personelu lotniczego. Wykazano, że wykorzystanie lotniczych urządzeń symulacyjnych jest bezcenne, a ich zastosowanie w lotnictwie będzie miało coraz szerszy zakres.

EN

In the article, the authors describe various devices aiding the practical aviation training, in particular the flight simulator. The training on aviation devices used to support the process of aviation training, constitutes a fundamental method of a complete conditioning of pilot’s body, comprehensively developing the desired psycho-somatic characteristics of the trainee. Authors described application of the aviation training devices in flight training and skill development, as well as emphasized the significance of simulation training for flight safety. Further, the role of flight simulators in training and skill improvement of aviation personnel is discussed. The paper concludes that the use of flight simulation devices is invaluable and their application in aviation is likely to expand.

20

Symulatory w procesie szkolenia i doskonalenia lotniczego pilotów oraz personelu naziemnego. Cz.3. Funkcje lotniczego treningu symulacyjnego oraz kształtowanie świadomości sytuacyjnej podczas szkolenia i doskonalenia personelu

Kozuba J., Rurak A.

Logistyka

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2015

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nr 6

1452--1459, CD

PL

W artykule wykazano, że poziom bezpieczeństwa dzisiejszego lotnictwa państwowego i komercyjnego zależy w szerokim zakresie od technologii symulacji stosowanych w celach szkoleniowych i doskonalenia umiejętności lotniczych. Również symulację szeroko stosuje się w dochodzeniach lotniczych, badaniach konstrukcji lotniczych, symulacji ruchu lotniczego i lepszego zrozumienia interakcji zachodzących pomiędzy pilotem - samolotem - środowiskiem zadaniowym. W dalszej części opisano funkcje treningu symulacyjnego oraz kształtowanie świadomości sytuacyjnej podczas szkolenia i doskonalenia personelu lotniczego.

EN

The article shows that the safety level of modern state and commercial aviation depends on a wide range of simulation technologies used for training and improvement of flight skills, aviation investigations, analysis of aircraft structures, simulating air traffic and a better understanding of the interaction between the pilot - aircraft - environment. Subsequent section describes the functions of simulation training and development of situational awareness during training and skill improvement of aviation personnel.