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Friction Stir Welding of austenitic stainless steels

Meran C., Canyurt O. E.

Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering

2010

Vol. 43, nr 1

432--439

Purpose: Friction Stir Welding (FSW) was applied austenitic stainless steels that is difficult to weld using FSW technique. Proper weld can be obtained by using appropriate welding parameter. In this paper, the effect of different tool rotational speeds, traverse speeds, compressive tool forces, and tool angles was investigated. Design/methodology/approach: The dimension of 3 mm x 75 mm x 150 mm two stainless steel plates were used and butt welded by FSW method using 7.5 kW vertical head milling machine. All welded test specimens were prepared perpendicular to the weld line in order to determine the mechanical properties and tested with 12 MPa/sec stress rate under stress control using a servo-hydraulic Instron 8801. Microstructure of the welding zone and macrograph of the heat affected zone was investigated by SEM. Findings: The average grain size in the SZ was between 3 and 7 μm, which is smaller than that in the BM. The average grain size in the HAZ was about 20 μm, which is half of that in the BM. Fine-grained microstructures are present the welded area. The dark bands observed in the weld zone were also detected the microstructure of the transition zone. Dark and narrow bands do not consist of pores or cavities. It was determined that these bands do not process an ultra fine-grained microstructure. They are Cr2O3 oxide layers which over the surface of stainless steels may have been ruptured during friction stir welding and may form bands inside the welding bead due to stirring. Research limitations/implications: The proper cooling system helps to prevent the stirrer tool from the deformation. Practical implications: The strength of the welded zone of AISI 304 stainless steel can be easily found by implementing welding design parameters and high quality joints can be obtained. Originality/value: This study was performed in the frame of the TUBITAK project no 106M504, „Friction Stir Weldability of Stainless Steels and Investigation of the Affected Parameters on the Welding Quality”.

The effect of design on adhesive joints of thick composite sandwich structures

Canyurt O. E., Meran C., Uslu M.

Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering

2008

Vol. 31, nr 2

301-305

Purpose: of this paper is to provide the joint the behavior caused by the material, pre-stress, bonding thickness and the tongue length. Design/methodology/approach: A simple but effective design can considerably improve the joint strength of thick adhesive composite joints. The joint under investigation consists of thick woven E-glass/vinyl ester laminates joined together with tongue and groove geometry. Longitudinal tensile loads were applied to the joints, resulting in large concentrated shear and peel stresses near the free edges of bondlines. Findings: The new design intends to reduce the adhesive peel stress by application compressive pre-stress on the free edges of bondlines and thus leads to an increase of joint strength. The bonding clearances, tongue length, pre-stress and using different tongue made of steel/aluminum have an effect on the joint strength. The tests further confirm that joint strength increases significantly by applying the transverse pre-stress. There is a 2 times increment on the joint strength by applying pre-stress on the edge of tongue and groove geometry. Practical implications: Selection of Steel SAE-235 insert materials and selection of Aluminum 5083 insert materials 1.7 times and 1.2 times increased the joint strength compared with the selection of composite insert materials, respectively. Originality/value: The results indicate that the better quality joint can be obtained by selecting the steel as an insert.