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1 Central European Journal of Energetic Materials

1 2012

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Surface Coating of Cyclotetramethylenetetranitramine (HMX) Crystals with the Insensitive High Explosive 1,3,5-Triamino-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene (TATB)

Nandi A. K., Ghosh M., Sutar V. B., Pandey R. K.

Central European Journal of Energetic Materials

2012

Vol. 9, nr 2

119-130

A method to crystallize the thermally stable, insensitive high explosive, 1,3,5-triamino-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene (TATB) onto the surface of another high explosive cyclotetramethylenetetranitramine (HMX) crystal is described. Amination of 1,3,5-trichloro-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene (TCTNB) in toluene produces TATB which is precipitated by a reactive crystallization process. When the reaction is carried out in the presence of HMX, TATB crystals are found to be deposited onto the HMX crystal surface. This phenomenon was utilized to obtain in situ surface coating of HMX crystals with TATB. Both the conventional amination and the sonochemical amination methods, using dry ammonia (NH3) gas and ammonium hydroxide (NH 4 OH) respectively as the aminating agents, were studied. The coated materials were characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Simultaneous Thermal Analysis (STA) and sensitivity tests. The results were compared with those of the virgin materials. Sonochemical amination provided a uniform coating of the HMX crystals. Coated HMX has shown substantial friction insensitivity gain as compared to uncoated HMX. However there is a drop in impact insensitivity in the coated materials.