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Evaluating the performance of Extreme Learning Machine technique for ore grade estimation

Abuntori Clara Akalanya, Al-Hassan Sulemana, Mireku-Gyimah Daniel, Ziggah Yao Yevenyo

Journal of Sustainable Mining

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2021

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Vol. 20, iss. 2

56--71

EN

Due to the complex geology of vein deposits and their erratic grade distributions, there is the tendency of overestimating or underestimating the ore grade. These estimated grade results determine the profitability of mining the ore deposit or otherwise. In this study, five Extreme Learning Machine (ELM) variants based on hard limit, sigmoid, triangular basis, sine and radial basis activation functions were applied to predict ore grade. The motive is that the activation function has been identified to play a key role in achieving optimum ELM performance. Therefore, assessing the extent of influence the activation functions will have on the final outputs from the ELM has some scientific value worth investigating. This study therefore applied ELMas ore grade estimator which is yet to be explored in the literature. The obtained results from the five ELM variants were analysed and compared with the state-of-the-art benchmark methods of Backpropagation Neural Network (BPNN) and Ordinary Kriging (OK). The statistical test results revealed that the ELM with sigmoid activation function (ELM-Sigmoid) was the best among all the other investigated methods (ELM-Hard limit, ELM-Triangular basis, ELM-Sine, ELM-Radial Basis, BPNN and OK). This is because the ELM-sigmoid produced the lowest MAE (0.0175), MSE (0.0005) and RMSE (0.0229) with highest R2 (91.93%) and R (95.88%) respectively. It was concluded that ELM-Sigmoid can be used by field practitioners as a reliable alternative ore grade estimation technique.

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Blast-induced noise level prediction model based on Brain Inspired Emotional Neural Network

Temeng Victor Amoako, Ziggah Yao Yevenyo, Arthur Clement Kweku

Journal of Sustainable Mining

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2021

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Vol. 20, iss. 1

28--38

EN

Although a major portion of the emitted energy from mine blast is sub-audible (lower frequency), there exist a component that is audible (high frequencies from 20 Hz to 20 KHz) and as such within the range of human hearing as noise. Unlike blast air overpressure (low frequency occurrence), noise prediction from mine blasting has received little scholarly attention in mining sciences. Noise from mine blast is considered a major detrimental blasting effect and can be a menace to nearby residents and workers in the mine. In this paper, a blast-induced noise level prediction model based on Brain Inspired Emotional Neural Network (BENN) is presented. The objective of this paper was to investigate the implementation possibility of the proposed BENN approach along with six other artificial intelligent methods, such as Backpropagation Neural Network (BPNN), Radial Basis Function Neural Network (RBFNN), Generalised Regression Neural Network (GRNN), Group Method of Data Handling (GMDH), Least Squares Support Vector Machine (LSSVM) and Support Vector Machine (SVM). The study also implemented the standard Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) for comparison purposes. The statistical analysis carried out revealed that the BENN performed better than the other investigated methods. Thus, the BENN achieved very promising testing results of 1.619 dB, 3.076%, 0.0925%, 0.911 and 82.956% for root mean squared error (RMSE), mean absolute percentage error (MAPE), normalised root mean squared error (NRMSE), correlation coefficient (R) and variance accounted for (VAF). The implemented BENN can be useful in managing noise from mine blasting using site specific data.

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Soft computing-based technique as a predictive tool to estimate blast-induced ground vibration

Arthur Clement Kweku, Temeng Victor Amoako, Ziggah Yao Yevenyo

Journal of Sustainable Mining

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2019

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Vol. 18, iss. 4

287--296

EN

The safety of workers, the environment and the communities surrounding a mine are primary concerns for the mining industry. Therefore, implementing a blast-induced ground vibration monitoring system to monitor the vibrations emitted due to blasting operations is a logical approach that addresses these concerns. Empirical and soft computing models have been proposed to estimate blast-induced ground vibrations. This paper tests the efficiency of the Wavelet Neural Network (WNN). The motive is to ascertain whether the WNN can be used as an alternative to other widely used techniques. For the purpose of comparison, four empirical techniques (the Indian Standard, the United State Bureau of Mines, Ambrasey-Hendron, and Langefors and Kilhstrom) and four standard artificial neural networks of backpropagation (BPNN), radial basis (RBFNN), generalised regression (GRNN) and the group method of data handling (GMDH) were employed. According to the results obtained from the testing dataset, the WNN with a single hidden layer and three wavelons produced highly satisfactory and comparable results to the benchmark methods of BPNN and RBFNN. This was revealed in the statistical results where the tested WNN had minor deviations of approximately 0.0024 mm/s, 0.0035 mm/s, 0.0043 mm/s, 0.0099 and 0.0168 from the best performing model of BPNN when statistical indicators of Mean Absolute Error (MAE), Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), Relative Root Mean Square Error (RRMSE), Correlation Coefficient (R) and Coefficient of determination (R2) were considered.