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1 Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering

1 2009

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Surface modification of nanodiamonds for biomedical application and analysis by infrared spectroscopy

Burleson T., Yusuf N., Stanishevsky A.

Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering

2009

Vol. 37, nr 2

258-263

Purpose: Diamond nanoparticles are gaining much interest in biomedical applications due to the attractive chemical and biological properties. Studies have shown the potential of these “nanodiamonds” (NDs) for bioimaging, drug delivery, and biosensing. However, depending on the origin, the nanodiamond surface is often rich in various functional groups which can result in diverse behaviours in biological environments ranging from bioinertness to changes in cell function and cytotoxicity. We have observed the substantial difference in cellular response of several cell lines to NDs of various origins. Therefore, the aim of this study was to modify nanodiamond surface in a controlled manner to discriminate the effect of different functional groups on the cellular response. Design/methodology/approach: Commercial detonation nanodiamond powders with the mean grain size 5 nm but different size of agglomerates and synthetic diamond particles ranging from 50 nm to 1 ěm were modified under hydro- and solvo- thermal conditions to introduce specific functional groups to the surface. The processed nanoparticles were investigated with Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and the results were compared between the samples. Modified NDs were tested for their toxicity in vitro with several cell lines (cell viability studies) and for the capability for small molecule anti-cancerous drug loading. Findings: We demonstrated that different chemical groups can be introduced and controlled onto the synthetic diamond surface depending on the solvent and process parameters used. In vitro assays showed that no cellular toxicity was found when CO, OH, or NH-groups dominated on the surface of the diamond particle. Practical implications: Many potent drugs that have proven to be useful in treating diseases such as cancer pose a challenge in delivery because they are not soluble in polar protic solvents such as water. These drugs are soluble in polar aprotic solvents that are harmful to the body. Nanodiamond surface modification in conjunction with drug-loading is a potential solution to this problem as nanodiamonds are nontoxic and have the ability to transport significant amounts of drugs. Originality/value: Nanodiamond particles are considered nontoxic and capable of absorption of a variety of organic molecules. This study should further advance the knowledge on the potential of surface-engineered NDs in therapeutic and drug delivery applications.