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Models of the Hydrophobic Attraction

Widom B.

Polish Journal of Chemistry

2001

Vol. 75, nr 4

507-515

Some recently proposed models of hydrophobic attraction, equivalent to the Ising model of ferromagnetism, are described and their properties reviewed. They are such that the accommodation of a hydrophobic solute in the solvent is energetically favorable but even more unfavorable entropically, which is believed to be the basic mechanism of hydrophobicity in water solution. The effective attraction between pairs of solute molecules as mediated by the solvent is calculated, as is the deviation from additivity in the interactions among three or more. The very low solubilities of the solutes in the model solvents are also calculated. In a different model, based on a phenomenological free energy leading to a closed-loop solubility curve in the temperature-composition plane, one finds the same very great increase in heat capacity on dissolving a hydrophobic solute as is found in experiment.