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PL
W artykule dokonano analizy krajowych rozwiązań prawnych w zakresie bezpieczeństwa i obronności państwa, przyjętych w latach 2013-2014 (w szczególności w ramach reformy Systemu kierowania i dowodzenia w Siłach Zbrojnych RP) w kontekście wpływu ich na poprawę zdolności Sił Zbrojnych RP do współpracy z pozamilitarnymi elementami systemu obronnego państwa w sytuacji zewnętrznego zagrożenia bezpieczeństwa państwa. Opracowaniem objęto również zagadnienia dotyczące istoty i zakresu zmian w 2011 r. ustaw o stanach nadzwyczajnych (głównie ustawy z dnia 29 sierpnia 2002 r. o stanie wojennym oraz o kompetencjach Naczelnego Dowódcy Sił Zbrojnych i zasadach jego podległości konstytucyjnym organom RP). Scharakteryzowano prawno-doktrynalne podstawy współpracy cywilno-wojskowej w zapewnieniu bezpieczeństwa zewnętrznego. Wskazując, iż podstawami dla współpracy są akta prawne (powszechnie obowiązujące i kierowania wewnętrznego), jak również dokumenty o charakterze koncepcyjnym, doktrynalnym, kierunkowym i programowym.
EN
The article analyses domestic legal solutions with regard to security and defence system of a state, adopted in the years 2013-2014, (in particular within the framework of the reform of management and command systems of the Polish Armed Forces) in the context of their impact on improving the capacity of the Polish Armed Forces to cooperate with non-military elements of the state defense system in case of external threats to national security. The article also outlines issues related to the nature and the scope of changes introduced in 2011 in emergency acts ( mainly the Act of 29th August, 2002 on martial law and competence of the Supreme Commander of Armed Forces and the principles of his subordination to the constitutional authorities of the Republic of Poland). Legal and doctrinal principles of civil–military cooperation to provide external security have been characterized in the paper. It has also been pointed out that the basis for cooperation are legal acts ( generally applicable and those of internal management) as well as documents of conceptual, doctrinal, code or program nature.
PL
Prezentowane opracowanie dotyczy relacji cywilno-wojskowych w sytuacjach szczególnego zagrożenia bezpieczeństwa państwa, w tym zagrożeń uzasadniających wprowadzenie stanu kwalifikowanego. W artykule zawarto ocenę aktów prawnych regulujących funkcjonowanie państwa w czasie stanu nadzwyczajnego, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem zapisów mogących stanowić podstawę dla podejmowania wspólnych działań przez podmioty cywilne i wojskowe. Problematyka stanów nadzwyczajnych uregulowana została w konstytucji, ustawach o stanach nadzwyczajnych i rozporządzeniach wykonawczych do ustaw. Zapisy będące podstawą dla współpracy cywilno-wojskowej stanowią jedynie małą częścią przytoczonych aktów prawnych, nie stanowią zasadniczego przedmiotu regulacji. Natomiast podstawowe zasady i reguły współpracy cywilno-wojskowej określone zostały w dokumentach doktrynalnych Sił Zbrojnych, tj. w dokumentach, które obowiązują jednostki organizacyjne Sił Zbrojnych, a w instytucjach i organach administracji publicznej mogą być jedynie wykorzystywane bez nakazu obowiązywania.
EN
This study concerns civil-military relations in the situations in which there is a special threat to the security of the state, including threats justifying the introduction of a certified status. This article provides an assessment of the legal instruments governing the functioning of the country in an emergency state, with particular focus on the provisions that may form the basis for joint action by civil and military operators. The issue of emergency states was regulated in the constitution, in the laws on emergency states and in implementing regulations. The provisions that are the basis for civil-military cooperation are only a small part of the abovementioned legal acts and they do not constitute their essential subject-matter. The basic principles and rules of civil-military cooperation are laid down in the doctrinal documents of the armed forces, i.e. in the documents that apply to units of the armed forces, which can also be applied in the institutions and bodies of public administration, but then they are not legally binding.
PL
Niniejszy artykuł przedstawia problematykę dotyczącą pozycji ustrojowej wybranych organów państwa (określoną głównie w Konstytucji RP z 1997 r., ale również w aktach prawnych niższego rzędu) w kontekście wykonywania przez te organy zadań w obszarze przygotowań obronnych w czasie pokoju, jak również funkcjonowania ich w sytuacji zewnętrznego zagrożenia bezpieczeństwa państwa i w czasie wojny. Pozycja ustrojowa, w szczególności naczelnych organów państwa, jak również relacje między nimi oraz sprawowane funkcje w obszarze bezpieczeństwa i obronności państwa wynikają w dużej mierze z systemu rządów przyjętego w państwie. W świetle powyższego, niniejszy materiał stanowi podstawę do określenia, czy obecnie przyjęte rozwiązania prawnoustrojowe stwarzają właściwe warunki dla sprawnego funkcjonowania naczelnych organów państwa w sytuacji szczególnego zagrożenia.
EN
The purpose of this study was to investigate the position of certain state bodies/authorities (as defined by the Constitution and other legal acts)in the area of defence preparation in peace, emergency and war time. The position of the state bodies in this area is determined by the adopted system of governance. The study focused on examining whether the adopted constitutional regime creates the appropriate and adequate conditions for the functioning and operating of the state bodies/authorities in the case of emergency.
EN
The article presents conclusions and postulates resulting from the conducted analysis of political solutions functioning in the state, particularly political position and competence of chief state bodies in the area of the defence of the state. This analysis was made in the following articles Pozycja ustrojowa wybranych organów państwa w kontekście realizacji przez nie zadań w obszarze obronności (Political Position of Selected State Bodies in the Context of Tasks Pursued by Them in the Area of Defence) – planned to be published in ZN WSOWL 3/2011 and Kompetencje naczelnych organów państwa oraz relację między nimi w obszarze obronności, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem kierowania obronnością państwa (Competence of the Principal State Bodies and Relation Between Them in the Area of Defence with Particular Consideration of State Defence Management) – planned to be published in ZN AMW 3/2011. The analysis and role of the state bodies’ competence in the area of security and defence explicitly shows the fact that they directly result from the system of government adopted in the state. This article attempts to answer the question if currently adopted legal and political solutions create appropriate conditions for the efficient functioning of principal state bodies in a situation of particular threat. All three mentioned above articles make up a comprehensive presentation of the problem concerning the position, relation and competence of the chief state bodies in the defence area.
PL
Artykuł przedstawia problematykę dotyczącą pozycji, relacji oraz kompetencji naczelnych organów państwa w obszarze obronności. Analiza roli oraz uprawnień organów państwa w obszarze bezpieczeństwa i obronności wskazuje w sposób jednoznaczny na ich bezpośrednią wynikowość z przyjętego systemu rządów w państwie.
EN
The paper presents the issues related to the position, relationships and authorities of the highest state bodies in relation to defense. An analysis of the role and authorities of state bodies in relation to defense unequivocally points to their direct consequence of the government system adopted in a country.
EN
The article features legal conditions of common civil – military activities (relations) in situations of particular threat to the state. There are analysed legal acts concerning the states of emergency and at the same time the areas of common civil military activities are specified that relate to national security management, national defence including. The adopted in this article recognition of common civil – military activities (relations) is not identical with the notion of civil – military cooperation (CIM1C). It is assumed that CIMIC is included in the scope of common civil – military activities and makes up its integral part. Applied limitation framework directed the content of the article to three general themes: civil – military relations, national security management and states of emergency.
7
Content available remote Problematyka obronności w projektach Konstytucji III RP
EN
The aim of this article is to analyse security and defence of the state provisions proposed in particular drafts of the constitution. The article deals mainly with those provisions that regulate competences and tasks of the highest bodies of the state in the area of defence. The process, started in the last decade of the 20th century aiming at elaborating and then passing a new constitution, has also become an opportunity for various political parties and social groups to devise their own concepts of the political system of the state, including constitutional provisions concerning security and defence of the state. The provisions regulating the area of security and defence of the state presented to the National Assembly in 1993 - 1997, apart from binding earlier constitutional regulations mainly from the period of the Second Polish Republic, feature a valuable experience of the Polish constitutionalism development and interesting cognitive and legal material. According to the author, this material is so interesting and rich as far as suggestions to regulate the defence of the state are concerned that it should be discussed and analysed by all those who are interested in the subject matter. Bearing this in mind, the author decided to present an initial analysis of selected provisions concerning security and defence of the state that were included in drafts of the Third Polish Republic Constitution. This analysis makes also a proper context to analyse binding constitutional regulations included in the 1997 Constitution.
EN
Selected processes and changes that occur in the contemporary world have been discussed and there have been presented opinions of scholars that deal with explaining the mechanisms of the world functioning and development. Some selected processes that shape the modern world (called mega-trends or trends) such as globalization, demographic explosion, migrations have been characterised. Selected mega trends have been described taking into consideration possible threats that may appear for national and international security. A particular attention has been drawn to the identification of new threats that have not appeared before or that have not been considered due to their small probability. Then the implications for Poland’s defence have been presented, in particular for developments in commanding the defence resulting from the emergence of new threats, often of diversified character. The author tried to point out, in connection with changes taking place in the modern world, to the need of introducing certain changes to improve the defence commanding subsystem, mainly in order to make it more flexible and effective in new and changeable conditions.
EN
Selected processes and changes taking part in contemporary world have been described in the article. Also some approaches of the representatives of sciences dealing with explaining the mechanisms of the world development and functioning have been presented. A few selected processes have been characterised that shape the modern world (called megatrends or trends) such as globalisation, information technology, demographic explosion, people’s migration including and others. Selective megatrends are described in detail in the context of possible threats to national and international security. A particular attention has been drawn to the identification of new threats that have not appeared before, either due to little probability of their appearance or underestimated. Next there have been presented implications for Poland’s defence, mainly for developments in the area of defence management resulting from the emerging of different character new threats. The author paid special attention to changes taking place in contemporary world, the need to introduce some changes to improve the defence management activities in order to make it flexible and effective to perform its functions in new and changeable conditions.
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