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Porastanie kadłubów małych statków jako sposób rozprzestrzeniania się makrozoobentosu

Cupak J., Hałupka M, Gruszka P.

Inżynieria Ekologiczna

2014

Nr 37

72--79

Zbadano kadłuby 9 jednostek pływających po wodach śródlądowych i przybrzeżnych wodach Bałtyku pod kątem porastających je organizmów. Ogółem stwierdzono występowanie 23 taksonów zwierzęcych, w tym 8 gatunków obcych dla basenu Morza Bałtyckiego. Najczęściej stwierdzanymi taksonami były Amphibalanus improvisus, Chironomidae, Dreissena polymorpha i Gammarus tigrinus. Przedstawione wyniki badań wyraźnie wskazują na potencjalną rolę jaką mogą odgrywać małe statki w introdukcji i rozprzestrzenianiu się obcych gatunków, nie tylko w estuarium Odry, ale i w wodach Bałtyku będących poza zasięgiem oddziaływania Odry.

Hulls of 9 boats operating in inland waterways and coastal Baltic waters along were examined for the presence of fouling organisms. A total of 23 animal taxa were recorded, 8 of them being alien species known to have been earlier introduced into the Baltic Sea basin. The most frequent taxa were: Amphibalanus improvisus, Chironomidae, Dreissena polymorpha, and Gammarus tigrinus. The fi ndings of this study clearly demonstrate the important role potentially played by small crafts in the introduction and spread of alien species not only in the River Odra estuary, but also in the coastal Baltic waters outside of the Odra plume.

Unintended “biological cargo” of ships entering the River Odra estuary: assemblages of organisms in ballast tanks

Gruszka P., Rokicka-Praxmajer J., Cupak J., Radziejewska T., Wolska M.

Zeszyty Naukowe / Akademia Morska w Szczecinie

2013

nr 33 (105)

22--29

Water and sediment in ships’ ballast tanks provide habitats for various organisms, and thus facilitate alien species introductions. Ballast tank water and sediment of 19 ships docked in the GRYFIA Szczecin Ship Repair Yard (Szczecin, Poland) located in an area connected with the River Odra estuary (Southern Baltic), were sampled in 2009–2011 to find out if the ships could be vectors of species introductions to the estuary, already known for the presence of non-indigenous taxa. This study showed the ballast water of the ships examined to house rotifers, copepods, cladocerans, and bivalve and cirriped larvae – common constituents of zooplankton assemblages in coastal waters. The ballast tank sediment supported meiobenthic foraminiferans, nematodes, harpacticoid copepods, turbellarians, bivalves, polychaetes, and chironomid and cirriped larvae. It is not possible at this stage to judge what meiofaunal taxa constitute an alien component in the estuary biota. Macrobenthos in the ships’ ballast tank sediment examined was represented mainly by nereid polychaetes. Although the unintended “biological cargo” examined proved quite diverse and abundant, it contained few identified alien taxa. It does not seem likely than any of them could pose a threat of a biological invasion in the River Odra estuary. However, numerous species remained unidentified, and therefore assessment of the risk of alien species introduction and invasion contains a large measure of uncertainty. On the other hand, the risk as such remains, since the density of ballast water-borne organisms in all ships exceeded the allowed limits.