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Climate Conditions Impact on the Sap Flow Into Plants and Their Dendrometric Changes

Báreková Anna, Bárek Viliam, Kováčová Martina, Novotná Beáta, Kišš Vladimír

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2020

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Vol. 21, nr 6

224--228

EN

Water stress is an indicator that plant are suffering from drought. For optimization of the crop production is necessary to indicate physiological changes, those can be represented by stem expansion or shrinkage and sap flow rate. We used the Dynagage SGA5-WS (Dynamax) sensors for the sap flow monitoring and the sensors Diameter Dendrometer Small (Ecomatik) for measuring branches diameter changes in our research. The research was realized during two seasons, in the summer (from 31st July to 14th August 2018) and in the spring (from 27th March to 14th April 2019). The subject in our research were walnut trees (Juglans regia) situated in the private orchard in Nové Zámky area in Slovak Republic. The sap flow values in summer were on average range of 90 g•h-1, with maximum measured values above 160 g•h-1 measured after the precipitation events. After increasing of soil moisture on 1st and 2nd August 2018, it was detected the branches diameter expansion up to 0.05 mm. However, the other spring values were much lower. The sap flow reached less than 35 g•h-1 what was one third values in summer 2018. This phenomenon is a result of the low transpiration intensity of transpiration or a leafless state of trees. Although the changes in diameter were not significant in the early vegetation stage, there were monitored some fluctuation causing the diameter was shrinked by 0.2 mm due to a negative average air temperature.

2

Change in Temperature Conditions of Slovakia to the Reference Period 1961-2010 and their Expected Changes to Time Horizons Years 2035, 2050, 2075 and 2100 under the Conditions of Changing Climate

Čimo Ján, Šinka Karol, Novotná Beáta, Tárník Andrej, Aydin Elena, Toková Lucia, Kišš Vladimír, Kotuš Tatijana

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2020

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Vol. 21, nr 7

232--240

EN

The purpose of the paper was to show cognition from the theory of climate change. The map outputs of these changes offer the climate data from basic elements and characteristics of the energy balance in terms of the current state as well as the trends and assumptions of their future changes in Slovakia. For these agroclimatic analyses, 100 climatic stations in Slovakia spread out to cover all agricultural regions, up to 800 m above sea level, have been selected. Our analyses are related to the period of years 1961–2010, when measurements and observations were the most homogeneous. The future trends and map outputs of future climate change were determined with the mathematic-statistical methods to the 2035, 2050, 2075and 2100-year horizons. This study presents the impact of the climate change on the temperature conditions in Slovakia. The temperature changes (average, maximum and minimum temperature) were analysed with forecasts up to year 2100. The forecasts for the 2100-year horizon indicate increasing of the average annual temperature on average by about 2.0°C, maximum temperature on average by about 2.0°C and minimum temperature on average by about 2.5–3°C in comparison to the present.

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Monitoring of the Dendrometric Changes Influenced by Soil Water Content

Kišš Vladimír, Bárek Viliam, Novotná Beáta, Tátošová Lucia

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2019

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Vol. 20, nr 1

34--38

EN

Drought is generally associated with the persistence of low precipitation amount, decreased soil moisture and water availability relative to the normal levels in a designated area. The effects of drought, range from the morphological to molecular levels, and are evident at all phenological stages of the plant growth, at whatever stage the water deficit occurs. Determination of the surface water demands for irrigation purposes comes out from the assumption of hydrologic processes stationarity. This paper shows our research prerequisite that water stress participates in an important part on the volume changes of over ground parts, which is predictive for the irrigation demand. Malus domestica var. Yellow Transparent was chosen for the measurement of volume changes of the surface plant parts. Our measurements were realised by the Diameter dendrometer small (DD-S) from 24.08. to 13.09.2017. One tree was irrigated by the dose of 50 mm. We compared the dendrometric changes to soil moisture and rainfall on both irrigated and non-irrigated trees. The experiment showed the differences between the irrigated apple tree (the diameters of the branches fluctuated between 11.9 and 12.1 mm) and the non-irrigated apple tree (the diameter of the branches increased after three-day rain from 8.35 to 8.61 mm), in order to determine the water stress of plants based on dendrometric changes and optimize irrigation during the drought period.