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Study of the Physico-Chemical Parameters of Surface Water Resources in the Oued Ansegmir Watershed Area (Morocco)

Rahoui Hassan, Kessou Hind Ait, Bejjaji Zohra, Chakiri Said

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2024

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Vol. 25, iss. 11

179--189

EN

This study aims to analyze the physico-chemical parameters of 11 water samples to establish a qualitative description of water resources and assess their suitability for agricultural irrigation in the Oued Ansegmir (OAW) catchment area (1060 km2). The study involved the collection and analysis of water samples, focusing on cations and anions. Hydrogeochemical classification diagrams, including trilinear Piper and Scholler-Berkaloff diagrams, were modeled using Diagrammes software. A multivariate statistical method, principal component analysis (PCA), was employed to evaluate the physico-chemical parameters. The water quality index (WQI) was calculated for all samples to provide a comprehensive assessment of water quality. The Schöeller Berkaloff diagram indicated the presence of a sodium chloride facies (S1, S4) and a calcium bicarbonate facies for the remaining samples. The Piper diagram revealed a potassium sulphate-chloride facies and a calcium and magnesium bicarbonate facies. PCA identified two main factors: salinity and ion concentration (PC1), and the distinction between geochemical influences and potential human impacts (PC2). The WQI results showed that 36.4% of the water samples were of good quality, while 63.6% were of poor quality. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study that examined water quality of OAW for agricultural purposes. Our results clearly indicate the suitability of OAW water resources for agricultural irrigation, while providing essential and relevant information for agricultural practices along Oued Ansegmir.

2

Study of The Physico-Chemical and Microbiological Quality of Water from River Innaouene, Taza Province, Morocco

Fiouz Abderrahim, Chakiri Said, Najem Ayoub, El Hezzat Mounir, Ben Abbou Mohamed, Lamnii Abderrahim, Chibani Abdelkader, Aouji Marouane, Warad Ismail, Zarrouk Abdelkader

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2024

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Vol. 25, iss. 2

254--271

EN

In recent decades, the province of Taza has undergone extensive agricultural modernization, marked by an increase in industrial units such as modern oil mills and olive canneries. At the same time, rapid population growth has exacerbated an important problem, the deterioration of the quality of water resources in limited quantities. This study explored the heart of matter by meticulously sampling physico-chemical and bacteriological parameters at eight strategically chosen sites. Conducted in late July 2021, the survey focused on the surface waters of the Innaouene River, providing a timely and insightful examination of the complex dynamics of water quality in the context of modernization and demographic change. This work focused on the determination of physicochemical and microbiological parameters of water. The results of the analyses show that this river is subject to multiple constraints and reaches its tolerance level on most of its sections. A multivariate statistical approach: principal component analysis (PCA) has shown that water pollution in the Innaouene River is mainly related to untreated wastewater discharges into streams. Water quality is considered bad to very bad. Therefore, ecological and health impacts can occur.

3

Geochemical Analysis of Coastal Sediments near Larache and Moulay Bousselham, Morocco

El Idrissi Soukaina, Labriki Allal, Sadiki Mohamed, Akhlidej Nouhaila, Bounouira Hamid, Said Sanaa, Amsil Hamid, Didi Abdessamad, Aarab Iliasse, Chakiri Said

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2024

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Vol. 25, iss. 8

221--231

EN

The aim of this study is to identify the main pollutants and evaluate the mechanisms of sediment transport from land to sea. This goal is justified by environmental pollution in the area associated with dredging and port activities. The objective is planned to be achieved by investigating the geochemical behavior of major and trace elements in fourteen surface sediment samples collected along the Moroccan Atlantic coast, from the mouth of the Lukkous River to the coast between the cities of Larache and Moulay Bousselam. k0-standardization method of neutron activation analysis using neutrons of the Moroccan Triga Mark II research reactor at the National Centre for Nuclear Energy, Science and Technology, has been used for analysis of collected sediment samples. The enrichment factor analysis revealed high levels of arsenic and chlorine, along with significant calcium enrichment, were found along the Atlantic coast. The enrichment factors (FE) for arsenic and chlorine are in the range of 20 < FE < 40, and for calcium, the FE is in the range of 5 < FE < 20. Conversely, some elements exhibited little to no enrichment, suggesting a crustal origin. PCA helped in synthesizing these findings, providing a clearer understanding of the spatial variations in sediment composition based on their multi-elemental signatures. The research examines surface sediments along the Moroccan Atlantic coast, revealing current contamination levels and geochemical behavior. These findings, applicable to similar coastal environments, are crucial for monitoring and managing sediment quality, especially in areas affected by erosion. Additionally, dredging and port activities in this region significantly disturb the sediments, resuspending contaminants and altering sediment composition, which further exacerbates pollution issues. This study offers a comprehensive geochemical characterization of coastal sediments in Morocco, enhancing understanding of sediment contamination and geochemical processes, with implications for environmental protection and sustainable marine resource management.

4

Environmental Assessment by Metallic Trace Elements of Gold Soils – Case of Chami (Dakhlet Nouadhibou, Mauritania)

El Hadi Sidi Mohamed, Hamoud Ahmed, Chakiri Said, El Hadi Hassan, Sabbar Mohamed Salem, Abdeina El Houssein, Baghdad Bouamar, Zerdeb Mohammed Amine, Vall Mohamed

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2023

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Vol. 24, iss. 6

239--249

EN

In the Inchiri region of northern Mauritania, the discovery of new artisanal methods for extracting gold has made the town of Chami a strategic location for gold miners and their mining operations. Despite the importance of this activity in the country’s economy, to the significant revenues it provides, it is still likely to have a negative impact on the various environmental compartments. The objective of this study was to assess the environmental impact of trace metal elements (ETM) from gold panning in the soils of Chami area. For this purpose, forty soil samples were collected during a field mission in May 2022. The geochemical analyses of the ETM (As, Co, Cr, Cu, Hg, Pb, Ni and Zn) were carried out at the ALS laboratory in Dublin, using the inductively coupled plasma - atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES) technique. The results show that the concentrations of ETM in soils differ according to the sampling station and the considered metal. These concentrations sometimes exceed the normal thresholds. The average value of the pollution index is higher than 1, revealing soil contamination by several elements (As, Cu, Hg and Pb). The geo-accumulation index varying between 0 and 4 shows a medium to high soil pollution class. The correlation matrix obtained shows positive correlations between the studied elements, which suggest that they have the same anthropic origin. These results show an accumulation of metals in soils that can persist in the environment, especially Hg, the most toxic element that is easy to diffuse and change speciation, in addition to being capable of causing risks to the environment and human health.

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Assessment of Groundwater Contamination by Trace Metals in the Chami Gold Area (Mauritania)

El Hadi Sidi Mohamed, Hamoud Ahmed, Chakiri Said, El Hadi Hassan, Abdeina El Houssein, Sabbar Mohamed Salem, Baghdad Bouamar, Vall Mohamed, Zerdeb Mohammed Amine, Dahi Sidi Mohamed

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2023

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Vol. 24, iss. 7

139--147

EN

Artisanal gold mining in Chami is an important lever in the country economy, owing to the benefits it brings, but it is also likely to have a negative impact on various environmental compartments. Contamination of surface and ground water by trace metals elements (ETMs) was studied in the vicinity of the Chami gold processing center. The aim of the study was to assess the water contamination by trace metals (ETMs) in the town of Chami. Nine water samples (process and boreholes) were analyzed for (Co, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn and Hg). The analysis was carried out by the DMA 80 technique for Hg at the ONISPA laboratory in Nouakchott and the other ETM at the Kenitra geosciences laboratory by the ICP-MS technique. The results of the analyses show that the ETM concentrations are high in process water samples and low in drilling water samples. Pollution indices and coefficients of variation indicate no contamination or anthropogenic traces in the borehole samples, but high levels of Hg and Ni in the process water. These results show the accumulation of metals in significant quantities in the process waters, especially Hg, proving that the waters of the mining waste basins at the Chami processing site are becoming sources of environmental pollution by mercury, which can be released into the environment by several pathways.

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Natural radionuclides (NORM) in a Moroccan river affected by former conventional metal mining activities

Manjón Guillermo, Mantero Juan, Vioque Ignacio, Díaz-Francés Inmaculada, Galván José Antonio, Chakiri Said, Choukri Abdelmajid, García-Tenorio Rafael

Journal of Sustainable Mining

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2019

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Vol. 18, iss. 1

45--51

EN

The main aim of this work was to determine the levels of multiple natural radionuclides in an aquatic system (Moulouya river, Morocco) impacted by multiple abandoned Zinc and Lead mines. 238U, 234U, 232Th, 230Th and 210Po were determined by alpha-particle spectrometry in water and sediment samples collected along the river and in samples from three pit lakes of abandoned mines, located in the Upper Moulouya catchment area. The results enabled the analysis of the different levels of impact of former mining activities, depending on the natural radionuclides. While the activity concentration of U-isotopes in Moulouya river water was slightly elevated in the vicinity of abandoned mine wastes, other natural radionuclides (Th-isotopes and 210Po) levels were typical of a natural environment. This fact is clearly reflected in the magnitude and range observed in the distribution coefficients for the different radionuclides analyzed.