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A syntactic recognizer for Arabic characters

Cowell J., Hussain F.

Machine Graphics and Vision

2007

Vol. 16, No. 1/2

57-83

Commercial OCR systems for high quality Latin characters are widely available. However, the recognition of Arabic characters, particularly those of poor quality, is still an important research area. This paper gives details of two recognition systems for isolated Arabic characters based on the extraction of critical features. The limitations of this approach and its successful extension to a syntactic recognition system are discussed. The syntactic system uses a new web grammar, in which the critical features are nodes and a set of operators describes the spatial relationships between them. The approach used is insensitive to variations in the size and orientation of the characters and even the relative lengths of strokes. The described system has been implemented and the theoretical behaviour of this approach is supported by the experimental results.

Two template matching approaches to Arabic, Amharic and Latin isolated characters recognition

Cowell J., Hussain F.

Machine Graphics and Vision

2005

Vol. 14, No. 2

213-232

With the establishment of commercial OCR systems for Latin text, recent research efforts have been directed at the design of recognition systems for non-Latin scripts, such as Japanese, Cyrillic, Chinese, Hindi, Tibetan, and in particular Arabic. The Unicode 4.0 standard supports 50 scripts that are used across the world, and many, such as Amharic (Ethiopic), have attracted virtually no attention from researchers. An extensive literature review reveals no papers which report on an OCR system for Amharic. This paper describes a normalised technique which can be used for recognition of isolated Arabic, Amharic and Latin characters. Two approaches are considered for identifying the characters by comparing them to a series of templates and using a signature template scheme. The degrees of similarity between pairs of Amharic, Arabic and typical Latin characters are presented in the confusion matrix, and the performance of the two approaches is compared for each of these three character sets.