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Stable carbon isotope analysis of subfossil wood from Austrian Alps

Kłusek M., Pawełczyk S.

Geochronometria

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2014

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Vol. 41, no. 4

400--408

EN

The presented studies were carried out in order to check the usefulness of subfossil wood for stable isotope analysis. The aim of research was also to define the optimal method of subfossil samples preparation. Subfossil samples used during the presented studies are a part of the multicentury dendrochronological scale. This chronology originates in an area situated around a small mountain lake — Schwarzersee, in Austria. The obtained results of stable carbon isotope measurements confirmed that the method of α-cellulose extraction by the application of acidic sodium chlorite and sodium hydroxide solutions removes resins and other mobile compounds from wood. Therefore, in the case of the analysed samples, the additional chemical process of extractives removing was found to be unnecessary. Studied wood samples contained an adequate proportion of α-cellulose similar to the values characteristic for the contemporary trees. This proved an adequate wood preservation which is essential for the conduction of isotopic research.

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The oak chronology (948-1314 ad) for the Żary area (SW Poland)

Danek M., Kłusek M., Krąpiec M.

Geochronometria

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2007

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Vol. 26

47-52

EN

The study presents the results of investigations aimed at construction of a site chronology for oak wood from the surroundings of Żary (SW Poland). The 366-year chronology ZY_2006, covering the period 948-1314 AD was determined on the basis of 189 individual ring patterns representing samples of archaeological wooden objects lifted at the excavation works led in the Old Town of Żary in the years 2004-2005. The chronology produced exhibits high similarity to the standards for the neighbouring regions: Wielkopolska and Lower Silesia. The statistical parameters of the chronology are very high and, thanks to the signature years determined, it should be an excellent tool for dating samples of mediaeval timbers from the whole region of Ziemia Lubuska, including some with relatively short dendrochronological sequences.

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Fossil wood from the Roztocze region (Miocene, SE Poland) : a tool for palaeoenvironmental reconstruction

Kłusek M.

Geological Quarterly

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2006

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Vol. 50, No. 4

465-474

EN

This article presents the results of anatomical and growth ring analyses of Badenian fossil wood from the Roztocze region. All the wood specimens examined are classified as Taxodioxylon taxodii Goth. The growth rings of these woods are very narrow, and they vary considerably in width. Tracheids have large diameters and thin cell walls.The latewood zone is wide; the transition between early and latewood is gradual. Both false and wedge rings and also reaction wood zones are often found. These characteristics of the fossil wood make it a suitable aid to reconstructing the environmental conditions prevailing while the trees were alive. The environmental requirements of these ancient Roztocze trees are interpreted by comparison with those of their nearest living relatives, with the conclusion that they lived in waterlogged or temporarily flooded stands under seasonally changing environmental conditions and with a long growing season. The climate was warm and humid and characterized by significant variability, mainly as regards the amount of precipitation.

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Mioceńskie drewno z Roztocza (Polska południowo-wschodnia)

Kłusek M.

Geologia / Akademia Górniczo-Hutnicza im. Stanisława Staszica w Krakowie

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2004

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T. 30, z. 1

23-31

PL

W artykule przedstawiono wyniki analizy anatomiczenej mioceńskiego drewna z obszaru Roztocza. Zsylifikowane drewno pochodzi z warstw badeńskich piasków kwarcowych. Jego mineralizacja przebiegała w środowisku wodnym, a źródłem roztworów krzemionkowych, wysycającym tkanki roślinne, był proces laterytyzacji. Badania struktury anatomicznej pozwoliły na zaklasyfikowanie drewna do gatunku Taxodioxylon taxodii Goth. Kopalne szczątki tych drzew są częstymi skamieniałościami, występującymi w średnich szerokościach geograficznych półkuli północnej. Oznaczenie przynależności systematycznej mioceńskiego drewna pozwoliło na przybliżenie znajomości warunków paleoklimatycznych Roztocza. Żyjącym odpowiednikiem gatunku T. taxodii jest cypryśnik błotny Taxodium distichum (L.) Rich. Wymagania klimatyczne i siedliskowe trzeciorzędowych drzew były zbliżone do tych, jakie posiadają współczesne cypryśniki. Cypryśnik, występujący na bagiennych obszarach południowo-wschodniej części Ameryki Północnej, rośnie najczęściej na terenach o klimacie ciepłym i wilgotnym. Zatem takie warunki mogły również istnieć w okresie trzeciorzędu na obszarze Roztocza.

EN

This article presents anatomical research of fossil wood from Roztocze. Silicified wood from this territory appears within Badenian quartz sand. Theirs mineralization followed at water environment and the source of silica solution, which impregnated wood tissue, was lateritic weathering. Anatomical analyses allowed to classify all samples to species Taxodioxylon taxodii Goth. Fossil remnants of this wood are common in middle latitude of northern hemisphere. Taxonomical classification of Miocene wood enabled to determine the palaeoclimatic conditions. Because the nearest living relative of this species is baldcypress Taxodium distichum (L.) Rich., climatic and stand requirements of Tertiary trees have to be similar to demands of living baldcypresses. Baldcypress which occur in wetland areas of south-eastern part of North America, most frequent overgrow territory with warm and humid climate. Therefore such conditions had to exist in Tetriary time in Roztocze region.