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1
Content available The methodology used in defining air pollution from ships mooring in ports
Borkowski T., Nicewicz G., Tarnapowicz D.
Zeszyty Naukowe / Akademia Morska w Szczecinie
|
2013
|
nr 36 (108) z. 2
17--22
EN
Diesel main and auxiliary engines are main sources of air pollution from ships mooring in ports. Auxiliary engines are used in electrical grids that are essential for the operation of a ship. In many reports and academic publications the estimated amount of exhaust emission, calculated by means of the assumed marine auxiliary engine load factor, is used in order to assess the operation of marine power plants with respect to environmental protection. The factors influencing the marine auxiliary engine load factors are: the auxiliary engine excess power versus generator power and generator efficiency. However, these factors are rarely taken into account. In the present paper the importance of engine excess power and the efficiency of marine generating sets for the evaluation of real auxiliary engines load and exhaust emission related to it is discussed. Besides, the results of in-service experience of exhaust emission from marine auxiliary engines on the example of Ro-Pax vessel are presented.
2
Content available Research of refrigeration systems failures in polish fishing vessels
Kostrzewa W., Nicewicz G.
Management Systems in Production Engineering
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2013
|
nr 3 (11)
38--42
EN
Temperature is a basic climatic parameter deciding about the quality change of fishing products. Time, after which qualitative changes of caught fish don’t exceed established, acceptable range, is above all the temperature function. Temperature reduction by refrigeration system of the cargo hold is a basic technical method, which allows extend transport time. Failures of refrigeration systems in fishing vessels have a negative impact on the environment in relation to harmful refrigerants emission. The paper presents the statistical analysis of failures occurred in the refrigeration systems of Polish fishing vessels in 2007-2011 years. Analysis results described in the paper can be a base to draw up guidelines, both for designers as well as operators of the marine refrigeration systems.
PL
Temperatura jest podstawowym parametrem klimatycznym decydującym o zmianie jakości produktów połowu. Czas, po którym zmiany jakościowe złowionej ryby nie wykraczają poza założony, dopuszczalny zakres, jest przede wszystkim funkcją temperatury. Podstawowym środkiem technicznym pozwalającym na przedłużenie czasu transportu jest obniżenie temperatury ładowni za pomocą instalacji chłodniczej. Uszkodzenia instalacji chłodniczych jednostek rybackich wywierają negatywny wpływ na środowisko naturalne w związku z emisją szkodliwych czynników. W pracy przedstawiono wyniki badań uszkodzeń instalacji chłodniczych polskich jednostek rybackich w latach 2007-2011. Rezultaty analiz przedstawionych w niniejszej pracy mogą być podstawą do sporządzenia wytycznych zarówno dla projektantów jak i eksploatatorów okrętowych systemów chłodniczych.
3
Content available Ships mooring in the port as a threat to our natural environment
Borkowski T., Tarnapowicz D., Nicewicz G.
Management Systems in Production Engineering
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2012
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nr 2 (6)
22-27
EN
An increase in the marine transportation with growing requirement for electricity by the ships both result in is the increased pollution of the air generated by the ships. This is important for the ports. A comparison among different sources of air pollution produced by the ships in the ports is presented in this article. The estimation of the magnitude of air pollutants emitted by the ships in ports is necessary for the proper economic activity of the port. It also creates the basis to determine the impact of the port work on the environment. The authors present a methodology of calculating emissions from ships at berth in ports.
PL
Rosnący transport morski, nowe statki i nowe technologie zwiększają zapotrzebowanie na energię elektryczną. W tej sytuacji zwiększa się wielkość emisji zanieczyszczeń generowanych przez statki do atmosfery. Ma to olbrzymie znaczenie dla miast portowych i ludzi tam zamieszkałych. W artykule przedstawione jest porównanie różnych źródeł emisji zanieczyszczeń powietrza w portach w odniesieniu do statków morskich. Określenie wielkości emitowanych zanieczyszczeń powietrza przez statki w portach jest niezbędne dla prowadzenia prawidłowej działalności gospodarczej portu. Stanowi to podstawę do określenia wpływu pracy portu na środowisko naturalne. Autorzy przedstawili metodologię obliczania emisji zanieczyszczeń przez statki cumujące w portach.
4
Content available Assessment of marine auxiliary engines load factor in ports
Nicewicz G., Tarpanowicz D.
Management Systems in Production Engineering
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2012
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nr 3 (7)
12-17
EN
For the calculation of emission of air pollutants generated by ships in port it is needed, besides other things, knowledge of the load factor of marine auxiliary engines. The value of this factor in the reports of global organizations, dealing with air pollutants emission from ships, is determined mainly on interviews with chief engineers on board. The paper presents the method of assessment of this factor based on identification tests of marine electric power systems carried out by the authors. The obtained in this way results are compared with the values given in the global organizatons reports.
PL
Do obliczenia wielkości emisji zanieczyszczeń powietrza generowanych przez statki podczas postoju w porcie konieczna jest miedzy innymi znajomość współczynnika obciążenia okrętowych silników pomocniczych. Wartość tego współczynnika w raportach organizacji światowych, zajmujących się problematyką emisji spalin przez statki, określana jest głównie na podstawie wywiadów przeprowadzanych ze starszymi mechanikami na statkach. W pracy przedstawiono metodę wyznaczania tego współczynnika w oparciu o badania identyfikacyjne obciążeń okrętowych systemów elektroenergetycznych, prowadzone przez autorów. Dokonano również porównania uzyskanych w ten sposób wyników z wartościami podawanymi w raportach światowych.
5
Content available Assessment of whether marine power plant steam system failures belong to one general population
Matuszak Z., Nicewicz G.
Journal of Polish CIMAC
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2010
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Vol. 5, no 2
139-149
EN
In the paper a number of various types of vessels of power plant steam system failures have been analyzed with regard to the general population they come from. For the purpose of the analysis the Kruskal . Wallis rank sum test and Kruskal . Wallis ANOVA rank test from the statistical packet STATISTICA 8.0 have been used. The analysis was based on the observations of the failure of marine power plants steam systems elements. Failures to the marine power plant systems of 10 ships owned by the Polish Steamship Company of Szczecin was the subject of a statistical data analysis. All the ships differed in respect to their place and time of construction as well as their technical parameters. The data on marine power plants failures was collected in similar conditions, that is, they were supplied by an engine crew member working in the marine power plant. The data on the failures of particular marine power plant systems was obtained accordingly to the test schedule [N, W, T], which means that N renewable objects were the subject of the test within the time T. Since the recovery time of the damaged system appeared negligibly short, when compared to the time of the test, it was assumed that consecutive recoveries overlap the failure moments.
6
Content available remote Attempt to estimate exergy balance of a ship's main diesel engine
Matuszak Z., Nicewicz G.
Journal of Energy Science
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2010
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Vol. 1, nr 1
93-102
EN
The article presents an attempt to estimate the exergy balance of a main diesel engine of the vessel in two environment temperatures of the power plant (25°C and 45°C), which correspond to winter and tropical conditions of the operation of the vessel. In the analysis the following forms of energy and ways of its delivery and carrying off, there were considered: the chemical energy (fuel), charging air, lubricating oil, flow of fresh cooling water, exhaust gases. The basis for the data of energy and exergy balances were the parameters of the operation of the vessel engine. They were registered in the conditions of established heat equilibrium of the main engine.
7
Content available Relation Between The Number Of Reefer Containers And The Load Of The Marine Electric Power Systems
Nicewicz G.
Journal of Polish CIMAC
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2009
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Vol. 4, no 1
117-122
EN
Rapid development of unit cargo transport caused the contemporary container vessels to be adjusted to carrying a considerable number of reefer containers. They need to be plugged in to the marine electric power system right after being loaded providing they contain any cargo. They are assumed to be unplugged for no longer than twelve hours without any damage to the cargo. At present container vessels are equipped with even a few hundred of sockets for plugging in reefer containers. In case of loading the maximum number of reefer containers, they become the most powerful energy receiver on board the ship. The regulations of the classification institutions [4] define the marine electric power to be consumed by the reefer containers. The paper has been an attempt of estimation of a real value of power consumed by reefer containers illustrated by a container vessel 2200 TEU adjusted to carrying 350 reefer containers and a comparison of the achieved results with the directives of the selected classification institutions [4]. Moreover, a critical approach to the shipyard offices’ methods of establishing the number of reefer containers to be plugged in for the needs of ship owning companies ordering new vessels has been presented.
8
Content available Assessment Of Real Active Power Load Of Marine Generating Sets In Operational Conditions Of Container Vessels
Matuszak Z., Nicewicz G.
Journal of Polish CIMAC
|
2009
|
Vol. 4, no 1
83-88
EN
As far as marine generating sets driven by diesel engines are concerned, it is assumed that the optimal active power load ranges between 70 – 90% [9]. At the same time there is no unequivocal way of assuming the value of the auxiliary engine excess power factor in relation to the generator’s rated active power regarded as the rated power of the set [3, 9, 10]. According to the outcome of the authors’ research carried out on contemporary transport vessels, the factor ranges within 1,05 – 1,62. In operational conditions, even at low values of excess power factor, the contribution of generating set working time at load 70 – 90% appears relatively short, which has been discussed in [10]. Eventually, the process of deterioration of auxiliary engines technical condition due to their long lasting operation at low loads gets accelerated and the operation turns out economically unprofitable due to the increase in specific fuel consumption. The paper deals with broader spectrum of individual generating sets’ active power load on contemporary transport vessels based on long – standing identification tests of marine electric power system loads.
9
Content available remote Assessment Of Failure Distributions Of Marine Power Plants Fuel Oil Systems Group
Matuszak Z., Nicewicz G.
Journal of Polish CIMAC
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2009
|
Vol. 4, no 2
207-215
EN
For the failure moments and the time between failures of the marine power plants fuel oil systems, an attempt of defining the failure distributions has been made. The analysis was based on the observations of the failure of marine power plants fuel oil systems elements. Due to the character of the statistical data, the analysis deals only with relatively simple distributions, most frequently used in the reliability theory. Failures to the marine power plant systems of 10 ships owned by the Polish Steamship Company of Szczecin was the subject of a statistical data analysis. All the ships differed in respect to their place and time of construction as well as their technical parameters. Data on their failures refer to the fuel oil system. The data on marine power plants failures were collected in similar conditions, that is, they were supplied by an engine crew member working in the marine power plant. The data on the failures of particular marine power plant systems were obtained accordingly to the test schedule [N, W, T], which means that N renewable objects were the subject of the test within the time T. Since the recovery time of the damaged system appeared negligibly short, when compared to the time of the test, it was assumed that consecutive recoveries overlap the failure moments. The statistical analysis dealt with moments of the particular systems of consecutive failures and the length of time intervals between the objects of consecutive failures. In order to carry out the distribution estimation, the statistical package STATISTICA was used.
10
Ocena obciążeń okrętowych systemów elektroenergetycznych na podstawie danych eksploatacyjnych w dokumentach okrętowych
Matuszak Z., Nicewicz G.
Systems : journal of transdisciplinary systems science
|
2008
|
Vol. 13, spec. iss. 2/2
34--39
EN
In many cases, identification of marine power plant real operating conditions is based on operating data collected in ship's documents such as engine log books or periodical reports, which are sent to ship's owner technical department Most of parameters registered in these documents are variable, generated power by marine electric power plant for instance. In the presented paper usefulness analysis of operating data from ships documents has been carried out for identifying marine electric power plant load and estimating installed power capacity factor. General inferences have been illustrated by an example of container vessel 2200 TEU.
11
Charakterystyka okrętowych systemów elektroenergetycznych do badań identyfikacyjnych obciążeń
Matuszak Z., Nicewicz G.
Systems : journal of transdisciplinary systems science
|
2008
|
Vol. 13, spec. iss. 2/2
24--33
EN
Marine electric power system has been characterized (MEPS-OSEE). Problems of marine electric power plant's load identifying have been described. Examples of marine power plant structures have been presented. The way of marine electric power system's load registration and the way of operating data analysis have been presented. The research method has been justified.
12
Content available Models of periodically switched on and off electrical equipment operation
Matuszak Z., Nicewicz G.
Problemy Eksploatacji
|
2008
|
nr 2
185-193
EN
Mathematical models of periodically switched on and off electrical equipment operation are presented in the paper. Models of electrical devices in the initial instant of the working state, when idle (not working) at the initial instant or not having idle moments between switching are characterised. The basic defined value for these cases has been the time to failure.
PL
Przedstawiono modele pracy urządzeń elektroenergetycznych o cyklicznych czasach załączeń i wyłączeń. Scharakteryzowano modele pracy urządzeń, gdy w chwili początkowej jest ono w stanie pracy; w stanie spoczynku (nie pracuje) lub nie posiada w czasie pracy tzw. czasów spoczynku między załączeniami. Podstawową wielkością, jaką określono dla tych przypadków, był czas pracy do uszkodzenia urządzenia.
13
Content available Assessment Of Excess Power Factor In Marine Generating Sets
Matuszak Z., Nicewicz G.
Journal of Polish CIMAC
|
2008
|
Vol. 3, no 1
9-13
EN
In the paper there has been presented a method of assessing auxiliary engines load based on identification tests of marine electric power systems loads of cargo vessels. The analysis has been illustrated by means of four auxiliary engines of an up-to date container ship 2200 TEU. A critical analysis of adjusting the auxiliary engines excess power factor to the active rated power of the generators of the currently operating generating sets.
14
Content available Estymacja parametrów fizycznego falowego modelu wibroizolatorów gumowych
Berczyński S., Kaczmarek J., Nicewicz G., Idzi Z.
Zeszyty Naukowe / Akademia Morska w Szczecinie
|
2006
|
nr 10 (82)
61-70
PL
Przedstawiono metodę estymacji parametrów fizycznego falowego modelu pryzmatycznych wibroizolatorów gumowych o zmiennych liniowo własnościach względem częstości sił wymuszających.
EN
The paper describes a method for the estimation of parameters of a physical wave model of prismatic rubber vibration mounts for vibration isolation systems with linearly changing properties versus the frequency of forces.
15
Content available Analiza wrażliwości parametrycznej reologicznego oraz fizycznego falowego modelu wibroizolatorów elastomerowych
Kaczmarek J., Nicewicz G.
Zeszyty Naukowe / Akademia Morska w Szczecinie
|
2006
|
nr 10 (82)
215-224
PL
Przedstawiono analizę porównawczą wrażliwości parametrycznej modelu reologicznego i fizycznego pryzmatycznych wibroizolatorów elastomerowych o zmiennych liniowo własnościach względem częstości sił wymuszających.
EN
The paper contains a comparative analysis of the parametric sensitivity of rheological and physical model of elastomer vibration mounts for vibration isolation systems with linearly changing properties versus the frequency of forces.
16
Identyfikacja obciążeń systemu elektroenergetycznego siłowni okrętowych w rzeczywistych warunkach eksploatacyjnych
Kijewska M., Matuszak Z., Nicewicz G.
Systems : journal of transdisciplinary systems science
|
2006
|
Vol. 11,spec.1/2
334-340
EN
The presented paper contains a description of some aspects of research work with a view to compiling stochastic models of marine power plant electric power systems load. The operating data are collected in service conditions on different kinds of water crafts. A general cargo vessel was chosen as an example of applied methodology For presentation of cumulative data confirmatory data analysis methods were used.
17
Content available Wrażliwość parametryczna reologicznego i fizycznego modelu wibroizolatora gumowego
Kaczmarek J., Nicewicz G.
Zeszyty Naukowe / Akademia Morska w Szczecinie
|
2005
|
nr 5 (77)
267-277
PL
W artykule przedstawiono analizę porównawczą wrażliwości parametrycznej modelu reologicznego i fizycznego pryzmatycznych wibroizolatorów gumowych o zmiennych liniowo własnościach względem częstości sił wymuszających.
EN
The paper contains a comparative analysis of parametric sensitivity of rheological and physical model of vibration mounts for vibration isolation systems with linearly changing properties versus the frequency of forces.
18
Content available Identyfikacja parametrów reologicznych wibroizolatorów gumowych na podstawie ich modelu fizycznego
Kaczmarek J., Nicewicz G., Idzi Z.
Zeszyty Naukowe / Akademia Morska w Szczecinie
|
2005
|
nr 5 (77)
279-292
PL
W artykule przedstawiono metodę identyfikacji modułu Younga i współczynnika strat pryzmatycznych wibroizolatorów gumowych na podstawie transmitancji wąskopasmowej modelu fizycznego wibroizolatora, uwzględniającą wpływ masy własnej wibroizolatora.
EN
This paper contains a description of an identification method for prismatic rubber vibration mounts of Young's modulus and loss factor calculated on the basis of physical model narrow band transmittance for vibration mounts, which takes vibration mount mass influence into consideration.
19
Content available Modelowanie statycznych i dynamicznych własności wibroizolatorów gumowych za pomocą MES
Grządziel Z., Kaczmarek J., Nicewicz G.
Zeszyty Naukowe / Akademia Morska w Szczecinie
|
2004
|
nr 1 (73)
233-242
PL
Przedstawiono sposób i wyniki modelowania najbardziej istotnych statycznych i dynamicznych własności wibroizolatorów gumowych za pomocą demonstracyjnej wersji 3.0 programu NASTRAN.
EN
The method and results of the simulation of the most essential rheological properties of vibration mounts are presented. The simulation was carried out by means of a NASTRAN 3.0 demo version.
20
Content available Identyfikacja wybranych własności reologicznych wibroizolatorów gumowych
Kaczmarek J., Nicewicz G., Idzi Z.
Zeszyty Naukowe / Akademia Morska w Szczecinie
|
2004
|
nr 1 (73)
255-267
PL
Przedstawiono metody identyfikacji niektórych własności reologicznych wibroizolatorów gumowych, niezbędnych w procesie modelowania MES, umożliwiającej analizowanie m.in. zagadnień nieliniowych w stanach ustalonych i przejściowych pracy wibroizolowanych konstrukcji.
EN
Identification methods of some rheological properties of vibration mounts for vibration isolation systems are presented. The identification enables simulation of nonlinear problems in vibration isolation systems in steady and transient operational states by means of the finite element method.
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