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The Influence of Organic Growing of Maize Hybrids on the Formation of Leaf Surface Area and Chlorophyl Concentration

Zakharchenko Elina, Datsko Oksana, Butenko Serhii, Mishchenko Yurii, Bakumenko Olha, Prasol Volodymyr, Dudka Anhelina, Tymchuk Nataliya, Leshchenko Dmytro, Novikova Anna

Journal of Ecological Engineering

2024

Vol. 25, nr 5

156--164

The goal of this study is to establish the impact of tillage (reversible to a depth of 25–28 cm and irreversible to a depth of 25–28, 15–18 and 5–8 cm) and the fertilizing products such as LEANUM and VITAMIN O7 (liquid and powdered, respectively) for growing Hemingway and Harmonium hybrids with FAO 280 and 380 on the leaf area duration (LAD) and the concentration of chlorophyll а and b. The leaf area duration was measured by the method of M. I. Orlovskyi and calculated using the formula. The content of chlorophyll a and b in maize leaves was determined using the ULAB 102 Spectrophotometer. In general, the effect of biofertilizer treatment on the leaf can be noted by increasing the leaf area duration. Thus, for Harmonium, with any variant of tillage, the leaf area duration increased on the variants of foliar treatment. And on irreversible tillage for three years, an increase in the leaf area duration was noted with the use of pre-sowing inoculation with the studied fertilizing products, one treatment with LEANUM foliar, and a combined treatment with LEANUM + 1 LEANUM. It is worth noting that disking to a depth of 5–8 cm only led to a decrease in the leaf area duration during the cultivation of Harmonium. However, when growing Hemingway, almost all variants had a positive effect on the leaf area duration, with the exception of inoculation (when using both fertilizing products). An interesting fact is that in most cases, an increase in the leaf area duration led to a decrease in the concentration of chlorophyll a, but did not lead to a decrease in the total concentration of chlorophylls a and b, due to an increase in the concentration of chlorophyll b. It should be noted that biofertilizer treatment and tillage significantly affected the concentration of chlorophyll a and chlorophylls a and b, but chlorophyll b was not affected by tillage. When growing Hemingway, neither biologics nor tillage had any effect, while other pigments had a significant effect.

Ecological Monitoring of Medicinal Plants Populations under Different Ecological-Cenotic and Anthropogenic Environmental Conditions

Bondarieva Liudmyla, Skliar Viktoriia, Bondariev Maksym, Roshchupkin Adrian, Butenko Serhii, Antal Tetiana, Toryanik Valentina, Mikulina Maryna, Kytaihora Anton, Prokofiev Dmytro

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

2024

Vol. 25, iss. 8

285--296

Phytocoenotic conditions of growth and anthropogenic management of natural phytocoenoses have a significant impact on the population characteristics and stocks/reserves of medicinal plant raw material. The article presents the results of the peculiarities of the response of spatial, dimensional, ontogenetic and vitality structures of populations of the official species - Hypericum perforatum L., and establishes a dependence that allows predicting the reserves of medicinal plant material Hyperci herba by the height of individuals. With the aim of forecasting the dynamics of the resource potential of this species, geobotanical descriptions were conducted, and classical population methods were applied: morphometric, ontogenetic and vitality analyses, as well as a number of statistical methods (correlation, factorial, dispersion, and regression analyses). It was established that the population density of H. perforatum averaged from 3 to 12, but sometimes reached 20 to 30 individuals/m2 , with the maximum observed under conditions of random mowing. The minimum indicators of the vegetative sphere: height of generative individuals (h, cm), aboveground phytomass (W, g), photosynthetic effort (LWR, %) were noted in populations used as hayfields, pastures, and in agrophytocenosis. The maximum indicators were in populations that were generally or almost unaffected by anthropogenic influences. Research on the dynamics of the main morphological parameters showed that while the maximum and minimum parameters of vegetative structures differed by approximately 2.1 times, generative parameters differed by 4.6 times. Statistically significant differences were observed among H. perforatum populations in terms of the number, mass of generative organs, and the reproductive effort of plants. A statistically significant correlation was found between plant height (h, cm) and the productivity of aboveground dry phytomass, which forms the herbal raw materials (HRM, g). It is described by the Equation: HRM = 0.167h – 3.28. In hayfield-pasture areas and in agrophytocenosis, up to 60–75% of individuals were of small size and low vitality, their contribution to the production of medicinal plant raw material was insignificant. Overall, the conducted research showed that Hypericum perforatum L. exhibited significant phytocenotic diversity, which depended on a complex of ecologo-cenotic factors and types of anthropogenic management.