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Chemia bioortogonalna – użyteczne narzędzie badania procesów wewnątrzkomórkowych

Latos Krystian

Wiadomości Chemiczne

2022

[Z] 76, 1-2

79--95

Bioorthogonal chemistry is a rapidly developing field of science operating on the border of chemistry and biology. Its initial goal was to study metabolism and imaging using fluorescently labelled compounds. Due to recent advances, bioorthogonal chemistry can also be used to engineer therapeutic bioconjugates. By using a combination of bioconjugation and advanced omics techniques, it is possible to study and modify complex interactions inside living cells. In the relatively short time since its introduction, bioorthogonal chemistry has found many applications. In nucleic acid research, it is used for labelling, e.g. with biotin, to facilitate detection, immobilization, and purification. Additionally, thanks to the use of fluorescent nucleoside analogues, it can be used to study the interaction and dynamics of nucleic acids. For the study of proteins, bioorthogonal chemistry is an invaluable tool for studying conformation, as well as intramolecular and intermolecular interactions. Using techniques such as PET and FRET it is possible to take a closer look at the structure of proteins, which has a significant impact on their functionality. By using biarsenical dyes, interactions between proteins are tracked. This is used in the study of protein aggregation in diseases such as Alzheimer's, Huntington's, and prion diseases. Thanks to this, it becomes possible to understand the mechanism and pathology of these diseases. In biosensing, the elements of bioorthogonal chemistry have been used in a variety of tests and imaging methods. In the end, methods for testing glycan are presented. The advantage of bioorthogonal methods is that they allow labelling on the whole cell or lysate. This application in glycoproteomics is extremely important due to the fact that changes in glycosylation occur during disease states.