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The Protection of Tomatoes Against the Fruit Blight and the Sustainability of Cultivars to the Pathogen (Phytophthora infestans)

Cacaj Ismajl, Hasanaj Nazmi

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

2024

Vol. 25, iss. 4

292--300

This two-year research aimed to evaluate the efficacy of chemical preparations and the resistance of tomato cultivars (Amati and Bella) against the Phytophthora infestans pathogen causing fruit blight. Fungicides, including Metalaxyl, Azoxystrobin, Mancozeb, and Copper, were tested in seven combinations, and disease assessments were conducted using the McKinney Index. Results from 2021 and 2022 consistently demonstrated that the combination of Azoxystrobin and Metalaxyl exhibited the highest efficiency in protecting both cultivars against Phytophthora infestans, with infection rates as low as 5.30% and 4.43%, respectively. In addition to fungicide effectiveness, cultivar resistance analysis revealed that Bella consistently displayed higher sustainability to the pathogen compared to Amati, with infection rates ranging from 4.43% to 6.30% for Bella, compared to 5.30% to 7.03% for Amati. This enhanced resistance in Bella was attributed to its smaller vegetative mass. The study underscores the importance of meticulous systemic fungicide use to prevent the development of pathogen resistance. Furthermore, the research recommends adjusting the frequency of sprayings based on climatic conditions to optimize blight management strategies. This research provides valuable insights into effective blight management strategies, highlighting specific fungicide combinations, and emphasizing the resistance characteristics of tomato cultivars. These findings contribute to the development of sustainable practices for protecting tomatoes against Phytophthora infestans, ultimately aiding in the cultivation of more resilient and disease-resistant tomato crops.

Research of Some Maize Hybrids (Zea mays) in Kosovo's Agroecological Conditions

Cacaj Ismajl, Hasanaj Nazmi, Elshani Arsim

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

2023

Vol. 24, iss. 4

162--167

The object of the study is to investigate the suitability of some maize hybrids (Zea mays) from Seed Origin: Croatia (Hybrids Institute of Zagreb BC), Standard (NS 640 and NS 640 Hybrids). There were investigated six maize hybrids: BC 288, BC 354, BC 394, BC 408, BC 418, BC 5982, while the comparative hybrids (Standard) are NS 444, Standard NS 640. The research was conducted in two agro-climatic regions of Kosovo (in Arbnesh, on the research farm of the Agriculture Institute of Kosovo, Peja – Dukagjini’s Plain, and in Pestovo – Kosovo’s Plain, the private property of the company called "Pestova". There were investigated these parameters; the height of the stump placement on the stalk, the height of the plant, the number of trams per plant, the length of the tram, the weight of the tram, the weight of grains on the tram, grain weight, humidity, the weight of 1000 grains (Absolute P.), seed protein content (%), the content of seed fat (%). The agro-climatic and pedological data of Kosovo, compared to the yields obtained in maize culture indicate that the genetic potential of hybrids cultivated here is not exploited. The obtained results showed that there were statistically significant differences at different levels for traits investigated across the hybrids included in the plots relative to the standard (NS 444, NS 640.) and between localities.