Preferencje help
Widoczny [Schowaj] Abstrakt
Liczba wyników

Znaleziono wyników: 13

Liczba wyników na stronie
first rewind previous Strona / 1 next fast forward last
Wyniki wyszukiwania
help Sortuj według:

help Ogranicz wyniki do:
first rewind previous Strona / 1 next fast forward last
PL
W pracy przedstawiono kompleksowy opis problemów związanych z oczyszczaniem ścieków powstających w miejscach obsługi podróżnych (MOP) jak również zwrócono uwagę na ich specyficzny skład fizykochemiczny. W analizowanych obiektach, powstające w sanitariatach ścieki oczyszczane są w układzie dwustopniowym składającym się z osadnika wstępnego oraz bioreaktora ze stałym złożem zanurzonym, przeznaczonym do oczyszczania ścieków bytowych. W przypadku ścieków powstających w MOP niewyposażonych w punkty gastronomiczne, ich skład fizykochemiczny znacznie różni się od składu ścieków powstających w gospodarstwach domowych. Jest to związane z przeważającym udziałem moczu w ściekach, co generuje wzrost stężenia azotu amonowego oraz pH przy jednoczesnym braku wystarczającej ilości materii organicznej niezbędnej do prawidłowego rozwoju bakterii w bioreaktorze. Skuteczne oczyszczanie ścieków utrudnia także wysoka nierównomierność dopływu ścieków do układu oczyszczania oraz wykorzystywanie silnie biobójczych środków czyszczących w celu utrzymania czystości w sanitariatach.
EN
The work presents a comprehensive description of the nature of wastewater generated in Rest Areas (RA) and problems associated with their treatment at the place of formation. In the analyzed facilities, sewage generated in sanitary facilities is treated in a two-stage system consisting of a preliminary settling tank and a bioreactor with a fixed submerged bed designed for the treatment of domestic wastewater. In the case of wastewater generated on the Rest Areas without catering facilities, their physicochemical composition is significantly different from the composition of wastewater generated in households. It is associated with the predominant proportion of urine in the wastewater, which generates an increase in the concentration of ammonium nitrogen and higher pH, while the lack of sufficient organic matter necessary for the proper development of bacteria in the bioreactor occurs. Effective wastewater treatment is also hindered by the high unevenness of the sewage inflow to the treatment system and the use of strongly biocidal cleaning agents to maintain cleanliness in sanitary facilities.
EN
In this study, the current operation efficiency of the wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) in the city of Kłodzko in the Lower Silesia Voivodeship (Poland) was analyzed and the predicted amount of the wastewater flowing to the WWTP in a 20-year period (until the year 2036) was estimated. The data on the quality and the quantity of raw (entering to the WWTP) and treated sewage from the years 2012-2016 were analyzed. The five essential pollutants indicators: biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), chemical oxygen demand (CODCr), total suspended solids (TSS), total nitrogen and total phosphorus, regulated in the water permit were used to evaluate the efficiency of contaminants removal. On the basis of the percentage reduction of the individual pollutants indicators and their acceptable concentrations in the treated sewage, the effectiveness of the operation of the object was determined. Furthermore, a so-called the treatment plant reliability factor (RF) was calculated and its value below 1.0 indicates the correct operation of the wastewater treatment plant. After determining the prospective amount of raw sewage in 2036 (based on the decreasing population in the city) it has been found that the WWTP will work with a significant reserve of capacity and the modernization of the treatment system, leading to a decrease of its capacity should be considered.
3
Content available remote Problemy oczyszczania ścieków w miejscach obsługi podróżnych
PL
Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie problemów związanych z oczyszczaniem ścieków o trudnym składzie fizykochemicznym w miejscach obsługi podróżnych (MOP). Obiekty istniejące oraz te będące w fazie realizacji wyposażane są w instalacje przeznaczone do gromadzenia i oczyszczania ścieków. Są to systemy pracujące w konwencjonalnych technologiach przy założeniu, że oczyszczaniu poddawane będą ścieki bytowe. W przypadku MOP skład fizykochemiczny ścieków doprowadzanych do układów oczyszczania zależny jest od kategorii obiektu (I-III) i różni się znacząco od składu ścieków bytowych, głównie z powodu wysokich stężeń azotu amonowego (znaczący udział moczu w ogólnej ilości ścieków). Oczyszczanie ścieków powstających w Miejscach Obsługi Podróżnych jest zadaniem skomplikowanym przede wszystkim ze względu na wysoką nierównomierność powstawania będącą wynikiem zmiennej intensywności ruchu na drogach oraz brak kontroli nad jakością gromadzonych ścieków - zarówno dla ścieków z konwencjonalnych sanitariatów jak i dla tych pochodzących z punktów zrzutu z pojazdów ciężarowych i autobusów.
EN
The main aim of the paper was to present problems related to treatment of wastewater with difficult physicochemical composition in the Motorway Rest Areas. Existing objects and those under construction are equipped with installation dedicated to collecting and wastewater treating. There are systems which use conventional technologies assuming that domestic wastewater are treating. In the case of the Motorway Rest Areas, the physicochemical composition of wastewater supplied to the system depends on object’s category (I-III) and is significantly different from domestic wastewater composition mainly due to high concentration of ammonium nitrogen (significant proportion of urine in total volume of wastewater). It is the complicated task to treat wastewater generated in the Motorway Rest Areas because of high inequality of supply which is result of varying road traffic intensity lack of control over the quality of the collected sewage - both for conventional sanitary systems and for those coming from trucks and buses.
EN
Due fast biomass production, high affinity for N and P and possibilities to CO2 sequestration microalgae are currently in the spotlight, especially in renewable energy technologies sector. The majority of studies focus their attention on microalgae cultivation with respect to biomass production. Fuel produced from algal biomass can contribute to reducing consumption of conventional fossil fuels and be a remedy for a rising energy crisis and global warming induced by air pollution. Some authors opt for possibilities of using sewage as a nutrient medium in algae cultivation. Other scientists go one step further and present concepts to introduce microalgal systems as an integral part of wastewater treatment plants. High costs of different microalgal harvesting methods caused introduction of the idea of algae immobilization in a form of periphyton on artificial substrates. In the present study the attention has focused on possibilities of using waste materials as substrates to proliferation of periphyton in biologically treated sewage that contained certain amounts of nitrogen and phosphorus.
EN
The paper presents information related to the use of hydrophytic technology combined with traditional activated sludge solution for wastewater treatment in areas without central sewage system. The analyzed wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) was operated in activated sludge technology with a hybrid activated sludge reactor where biomass is kept in a settled and suspended form. Treatment system was completed with a hydroponic lagoon. Hydroponic lagoon has been used as tertiary treatment, in which the self-cleaning processes with the participation of the plant has come to an additional reduction of nutrients. The analyzed three-stage treatment plant is located in the municipality of Nowa Sól. Only domestic wastewater delivered by slurry tanks is treated there in the amount of 60 m3/d. During the observation, high average concentrations of total nitrogen (201.0 mgN/dm3) was observed and organic matter expressed by COD reaching 1341.5 mgO2/dm3 and BOD5 on the level of 246.3 mgO2/dm3 were noted. A characteristic feature of the object designed for wastewater treatment delivered by slurry tanks is high irregularity of wastewater supply and high instantaneous loads of pollutants (the system does not provide expansion tank). The biggest inequality factor of the flow to the reactor was observed in December 2014 (Nd=3.9). During the observations days with no inflow of sewage also occurred. The study shows the dynamics of changes in the amount of delivered domestic wastewater and sewage flowing out of the treatment plant including inequality factor. Information about the quality of wastewater was used to determine the reduction of concentrations of pollutants such as organic matter, suspended solids, nitrogen and phosphorus.
PL
W Polsce około 40% ludności mieszka na terenach wiejskich i mimo postępu w budowie infrastruktury technicznej związanej z przesyłem i dystrybucją wody nadal można spotkać rejony, w których woda na cele spożywcze pozyskiwana jest ze studni. Przedmiotem pracy była ocena jakości płytko zalegających (98–604 cm) wód gruntowych stanowiących źródło wody przeznaczonej do spożycia na terenach wiejskich. Badaniami objęto 8 studni zlokalizowanych w gminie Gorzyce. Analizie poddano następujące parametry: pH, tlen rozpuszczony, przewodność elektrolityczna, BZT5, formy azotu, fosfor ogólny oraz fosforany jak również jony SO4-, Na+, K+, Ca++ i Mg++. Wyniki badań przestawiono w postaci średnich stężeń analizowanych parametrów z okresu badawczego dla każdej studni. Wyniki badań potwierdzają fakt, iż słabo zabezpieczone studnie cechują się gorszą jakością wody; w kilku z omawianych przypadków średnie stężenie analizowanych parametrów przekroczyło normy dopuszczalne dla wody przeznaczonej do spożycia przez ludzi.
EN
In Poland about 40% of the population lives in a rural areas and despite of the great technical progress in the infrastructure, there are still areas without water supply system where portable water is drawn from the well. The subject of this work was to evaluate the quality of shallow well water (98–604 cm), which is a source of water for consumption. Studies covered 8 wells in the Gorzyce commune. The following chemical components: pH, dissolved oxygen, electrolytic conductivity, BOD5, nitrogen, total phosphorus and phosphates, and ions of SO4-, Na, K+ , Ca++ and Mg++ were analyzed. The results of the studies are described by the mean concentrations of components in analyzed period of time. The results confirm the fact that, poorly protected wells have a worse quality of water. Moreover a few cases, the average concentration of the analyzed indexes exceed acceptable standards for drinking water.
EN
Treatment of wastewater produced in Service Areas (SA) located on expressways and highways is a worldwide problem because of increasing amount of roads and specific composition of those kinds of sewage. Insufficient removal of pollutants from wastewater discharged into surface water may cause serious environmental problems. In the present study efficiency of treatment of wastewater with high ammonium concentration in biological membrane system used on SA was investigated. Concentrations of ammonia nitrogen in wastewater flowing into bioreactor in none of the tested objects did not fall below 99.0 mg of N-NH4·dm−3. Because of high ammonium content in sewage and high pH reaching value about 9, it is almost impossible to create favorable conditions for microorganisms that run purification processes resulting in low efficiency of phosphorus and nitrogen removal (reduction of biogenic compounds did not exceed 15%). Treatment of wastewater consisting mainly of urine with commonly used biological membrane technology has to be widely tested to perform suitable quality of discharged wastewater, to provide safety of surface water environment.
EN
The study presents the results of the treatment of domestic and industrial wastewater with respect to the reduction of nitrogen and phosphorus compounds. The analysis encompasses the results of physical and chemical tests of effluents from two facilities based on hydroponic technology: wastewater treatment plants with hydroponic lagoons using the BIOPAX technology – Paczków, Poland and the Organica technology – Szarvas, Hungary. Monthly treatment effectiveness was determined basing on these analyses. The composition of wastewater flowing into the lagoon (after mechanical treatment) and wastewater discharged to the collector in 2009–2011 was subject to physical and chemical analysis in both facilities. The effluent quality was determined basing on the concentration of total phosphorus, total nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen. Mean annual results of the operation of both objects were high. For the wastewater treatment plant in Paczkow, operating in the BIOPAX technology, the effectiveness of treatment with respect to total nitrogen throughout the analysed period ranged from 76.9–84.4%. Total phosphorus was eliminated from wastewater with an effectiveness of 96.4–98.0%. Such high reduction level was caused by the application of additional precipitation process in the chambers of activated sludge reactor. The hydroponic plant in Szarvas (Organica technology) was characterised by a high effectiveness of reduction with respect to ammonium nitrogen: 92.0–93.0%, while the reduction of total phosphorus fell into the range 49.3–55.3%.
EN
Municipal wastewater is characterized by diverse microbial content, largely dependent on their sources as well as many other factors like condition and health of their producer, but also environmental factors. The number and share of individual bacterial population in wastewater is changing during the process of their treatment in wastewater treatment plants. The microbial content of treated wastewater is significantly affected by the type of technology used for wastewater treatment. The paper presents the results of the species composition of bacteria present in the wastewater at various stages of treatment for the two different technologies. Samples of wastewater from hydroponic wastewater treatment plant and from the plant whose technology is based on biofilters were analysed. A key mechanism for wastewater treatment in both cases is biological treatment, using microbial activity that decomposes pollutants in the wastewater, which significantly contributes to changes in the species composition of bacteria comparing to microbiological composition of sewage flowing into the treatment plant. Analyses of microbial composition showed that in the objects consisting of preliminary tank and biofilter, composition of bacteria species is changing, but many species isolated from raw sewage is also found in treated wastewater. In the plant with hydroponic lagoon after wastewater treatment throughout the process system, bacteria present in raw sewage or in wastewater after biological treatment were not identified in the outlet.
PL
Przedmiotem pracy była ocena jakości płytko zalegających wód gruntowych stanowiących źródło wody przeznaczonej do spożycia na terenach niezurbanizowanych. Badaniami objęto 8 studni znajdujących się w gminie Gorzyce. Wyniki badań przestawiono w postaci średnich stężeń składników z okresu badawczego dla każdego obiektu. Wyniki badań potwierdzają fakt iż, słabo zabezpieczone studnie cechują się gorszą jakością wody. W większości z omawianych przypadków średnie stężenie analizowanych zanieczyszczeń (dotyczy to w szczególności żelaza i manganu) przekraczało graniczne wartości ustanowione dla wody do picia.
EN
The subject of the study was to estimate the quality of shallow groundwater from wells which are the source of drinking water. The study included 8 wells located in the municipality of Gorzyce. The results are presented as medium concentrations of the analyzed components during one year of observation. The results confirm that poorly protected wells are characterized by poorer quality water. In most of the analyzed cases, the average concentration of pollution indexes (this applies particularly to iron and manganese concentration) exceed the limits established for drinking water.
PL
W pracy przedstawiono zmiany wybranych parametrów ścieków bytowych dowożonych taborem asenizacvjnym do małej gminnej oczyszczalni ścieków, zlokalizowanej w Kminie wiejskiej woj. dolnośląskiego. Obserwacje obejmowały okres od lipca 2011 r. do czerwca 2012 r. Dane o składzie i objętości ścieków notowane były podczas każdorazowego przyjęcia ścieków na stację zlewczą. Obserwowana oczyszczalnia ścieków zaprojektowana została docelowo jako obiekt przyjmujący nieczystości ze skanalizowanych miejscowości objętych planem aglomeracji, ujętym w Krajowym Programie Oczyszczania Ścieków Komunalnych. Przepustowość obiektu w 2015 r. wynosić będzie l558,l m3d-1 W składzie ścieków dowożonych taborem uwidacznia się sezonowa zmienność dotyczącą temperatury oraz odczvnu. Przewodność ścieków przyjmowanych przez stację zlewczą oczyszczalni w ciągu roku obserwacji nie charakteryzowała się istotnymi różnicami statystycznymi. Udział ścieków bytowych dowożonych w stosunku do dopływających przewodami kanalizacyjnymi był wysoki (54%). 'Tak duża dysproporcja powodować może zakłócenia w procesie technologicznym jak również może wpływać na całkowitą ilość osadów powstających na oczyszczalni.
EN
The paper presents changes in selected parameters of domestic wastewater delivered by slurry tanks to a small municipal wastewater treatment plant located in the rural province of Lower Silesia. Observations included the period of VII 2011 - VI in 2012: data of the composition and volume- of wastewater were traded each lime during taking wastewater to the disposal station. The observed wastewater treatment plant has been designed as an object I hat eventually will take sewage from sewered villages included into agglomeration plan listed in the National Programme of Municipal Wastewater Treatment. Throughput of the plant in 2015 will amount to J 15581m3d-1. In composition of delivered wastewater, seasonal variation of tempera lure and ph is visible. Conductivity of sewage taken by disposal station of WWTP during a year of observation was not characterized by significant statistic differences. The share of domestic wastewater delivered to the plant in relation to sewage inflowing by pipes was high -54%. Such a large mismatch may cause interference in the technological process and may also affect the total amount of sludge produced at the plant.
EN
In this article distribution of monthly phosphorus loads flowing out of two agricultural catchments which are located in different physiographic conditions of Lower Silesia was analysed. Loads of phosphorus runoff from the catchment located in the piedmont part of Lower Silesia in each month rarely exceed 0.10 kg P · ha-1. The size of annual load is determined by loads obtained in two months of early spring. Much lower loads obtained for lowland catchment, located near Wroclaw. Values calculated for each month rarely exceed the value of 0.01 kg P · ha-1. Culmination of loads bringing away is a bit more extended in a time compared to the catchment located on Sudety Mts. Foreland. Much higher loads are observed during the period from January to April – this period has a major impact on the size of phosphorus load that flows out from this catchment during whole hydrological year. The obtained results clearly indicate that the threat of watercourses and water reservoirs supply in phosphorus compounds from agricultural land is periodic and it is particularly high during early spring. Phosphorus load flowing out from the analyzed catchments is very diverse. From facility located on Sudety Foothill in hydrological year, during research period, flowed away average 0.81 kg P · ha-1. Significantly lower values were obtained for second facility and it was average 0.15 kg P ha-1 during a year. The size of load discharged during a year is largely determined by amount of phosphorus load flowing out during winter half of the year (from XI to IV). In case of foothill catchment in this period flowed out average 0.56 kg P · ha-1, which presents 69% of annual load and in lowland catchment this percentage was even slightly higher and was 73%.
PL
Na terenach wiejskich, ze względu na brak sieci wodociągowej, głównym źródłem wody przeznaczonej na cele bytowe są płytko kopane studnie. Jakość wód ujmowanych w ten sposób nie podlega regulacjom prawnym obowiązującym w Polsce, a dotyczącym jakości wody ujmowanej do spożycia przez ludzi, przez co często nie odpowiadają standardom. Problemem stają się studnie, w których zaprzestano prowadzenie poborów wody na cele bytowe po podłączeniu budynku do powstałej sieci wodociągowej. W pracy przedstawiono wyniki badań składu fizykochemicznego wód uzyskiwanych z płytko kopanych studzien zlokalizowanych na terenach wiejskich powiatu kluczborskiego. Analizie poddano zwartość mineralnych form azotu tj. azotanów i azotynów, dodatkowo określono stężenia azotu amonowego oraz fosforanów. Badania uzupełniono zmianami wartości pH i przewodności elektrolitycznej. W przypadku azotanów i azotynów najwyższe stężenia i związane z tym przekroczenia norm zawartych w Rozporządzeniu Ministra Zdrowia obserwowano w studni 1 i 3. W okresie badawczym zanotowano sezonową zmienność stężeń azotu amonowego przejawiającą się we wzroście tego parametru w miesiącach zimowych. Azot amonowy był także wskaźnikiem, którego przekroczenia zanotowano we wszystkich badanych studniach co najmniej jeden raz w okresie badawczym. Fosforany kształtowały się w analizowanych próbkach na poziomie od 0,12 do 0,17 mg PO /dm3.
EN
Due to a lack of centralized water supply network on rural areas, the main source of water for household use are shallow dug wells. The quality of water taken in this way is not a subject of law regulations in Poland which are connected with quality of water taken for human consumption, which is the reason why this kind of water do not often meet the standards. Wells that are no longer exploited by taking water for living purposes because of households’ connection to the central water supply, are becoming a problem The paper presents the results of physicochemical composition of water samples taken from shallow dug wells located on the rural areas. The con- centrations of mineral forms of nitrogen, i.e. nitrates, nitrites further the concentrations of ammonia nitrogen and phosphate were analysed. Additionally, changes of pH and conductivity were measured. In the case of nitrate and nitrite highest concentrations exceeding the standards contained in the Regulation of the Minister of Health were observed in wells 1 and 3. During the study period, seasonal variation of concentrations of ammonium nitrogen were observed as reflected in the increase of the parameter in winter months. Ammonium was also an indicator whose concentrations exceeded regulated norms at least once during the research period in each of the tested wells. Phosphates concentrations in the analyzed samples were at the level 0.12–0.17 mg PO /dm3.
first rewind previous Strona / 1 next fast forward last
JavaScript jest wyłączony w Twojej przeglądarce internetowej. Włącz go, a następnie odśwież stronę, aby móc w pełni z niej korzystać.