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Some aspects of on board diagnostics systems (OBD) in Poland

Jankowski A., Slezak M.

Journal of KONES

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2011

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Vol. 18, No. 2

191-196

EN

An object of the paper is development process of on-board systems diagnostic which can be divided into the historic phase (defined as OBD I), the present term - OBD II and OBD III, and the destination regulation. Established OBD II requirements use allowable the driving emission level limits of the FTP test, however its European EOBD equivalent, effective in Poland, uses limits (together with suitable coefficients of the enlargement) in the NEDC (New European Driving Cycle) test. The research programme of homologation is based on standard driving cycles of characteristic courses of the speed. Conditions of the realization of procedures are selected, so that their meeting in driving cycle is confident and so that its realization secures the correct result. Results of the procedure are illustrated with the original coefficient of the cover of the cycle time by found similar fragments driving cycles. In particular inter alia main criteria of damages according to Californians' CARB OBD II regulations, vehicle performance record during FTP75 test on chassis dynamometer, implementation of oxygen sensor monitor marked with vertical line, RPM, engine loading, engine temperature, speed, NEDC (UDC + EUDC) driving test, temperature chamber and chassis dynamometer stand control devices, dilution exhaust gases device, exhaust gases analyzers are presented in the paper.

2

On board diagnostics (OBD) research in conditions of chassis dynamometer and road tests

Jankowski A., Slezak M.

Journal of KONES

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2011

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Vol. 18, No. 4

141-149

EN

Subject matter ofthe paper is test results on the chassis dynamometer and road test results in reference to the on-board (OBD) system diagnostics of car vehicles. Test results of vehicles on the chassis dynamometer in temperatures of +22°C and two sub-zero -7°C and -12°C, and also test results of road in reference to chosen car vehicles are presented in the paper. The in effective work ofthe system in temperatures below -7°C was observed. Test results on the chassis dynamometer with test results of road ones are compared. The time 10.9 as the measure of the efficiency of the work of the OBD system is proposed. One gave the proposal of certification of approval research in reference to OBD systems. The paper presents in particular: road emissions of a car during the NEDC (UDC + EUDC) European drive cycle, road emissions of a car during the NEDC (UDC + EUDC) European drive cycle in low temperature chamber (-7°C) in comparison to emissions in temperature -12°C, road emissions ofa car during the European drive cycle in comparison to emissions at oxygen sensor disconnected before catalytic reactor, vehicle speed recorded in road traffic, comparison idea of road cycle piece with pattern cycle similar from point of view speed course, covering coefficients of recorded time for drive cycles, relations between parameters influencing on OBD system reaction time for defect appearing.

3

Heat release of diesel engine fuelled with RME

Ambrozik A., Jankowski A., Slezak M.

Journal of KONES

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2010

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Vol. 17, No. 4

9-18

EN

Characteristics of the relative heat release quantity during combustion process have been appointed basing on the analysis of 100 engine work cvcles received from experimental indicator diagrams. Indicator diagrams were obtained at work of the engine according to the external speed engine characteristics. The analysis of indicator diagrams of the engine oriented on to calculating characteristics of the heat release was realized at the regard of the change composition and the working charge quantity of kilo mole during combustion process and at neglect of losses of heat caused with the dissociation combustion products. The quantity heat exchanged between the working charge and walls combustion chamber was appointed basing on the empirical dependence for coefficient proposed by Woschni. Basic technical data of the AD3.152UR test engine, basic physical and chemical properties of fuels used in the researches, research stand scheme, scheme of the measurement system for fas t changing quantities in piston compression ignition engine, changes in the injector needle lift, fuel pressnre in the injection duet, open indicator diagram, exemplary averaged changes in the fuel pressure ralues in the injection duet as the function of crankshaft rotation angle, values of the maximum pressure differences in the nozzle and the engine cylinder, values of spray fuel jet penetration, graphic presentation of the method for the determination of ignition delay angle, values of self-ignition delay angle in an engine, analyses of the relative quantity and rate of the heat release during combustion are presented in the paper.

4

Heat release characteristics in combustion chamber of CI engine

Jankowski A., Lagowski P., Slezak M.

Journal of KONES

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2010

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Vol. 17, No. 3

155-164

EN

On the basis of the internal heat balance of CI engine with direct fuel injection, the quantity of heat transported during the combustion process from the combustion zone was determined. The real indicator diagrams are the bases for determination of the heat release Characteristics during the combustion process and making up of the internal heat balance. These diagrams were worked out for the engine fuelled with diesel oil for three sets of the injection timing and for work of the engine according to the full load engine Characteristics, and the load Characteristics taken at the engine speedb for the maximum engine torque. Tests with the three different injection timing were carried out. Tests with the load characteristics of the compression-igniting engine for five values of the power were carried out. The pressure in the cylinder of the engine during combustion process was recorded by means of liąuid cooled a piezo-electric quartz sensor with a load amplifier. Characteristics of heat release depended on the composition, temperature and the mol quantity of the working charge in the cylinder during the combustion process. Characteristics of the heat release were determined with the use of the novel calculation program. The program was worked out by authors at the assumption that the process of complete combustion was finished at the moment of the opening of the engine exhaust valve. For purpose of simplification calculation of the quantity of heat lost into the cooling system, the radiation, dissociation and incomplete combustion, were assumed to change during the combustion process in a linear way.

5

Preliminary Researches Of Influence Of Different Loads On Working Conditions And Performances Of The Piston Combustion Engine With Direct Fuel Injection

Jankowska-Siemińska B., Jankowski A., Slezak M.

Journal of Polish CIMAC

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2007

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Vol. 2, no 2

187-198

EN

The most of research works with reference to piston engines with the direct fuel injection concentrate on two basic systems . One system is a homogeneous system and refers to high engine loads both from the point of view of torque and rotational engine speed. The second system refers to small loads and rotational engine speeds which usually do not exceed 50 % of the maximum allowable loads and the rotational speed. These systems were an object of the analysis and research with use of the laser-equipment , mostly the PDPA and LDV. For the comparison only the PIV research were brought over. In brought over analysis one returned the special attention on stratified combustion, homogeneous combustion, water injection and water fuel emulsions, heat exchange. In particular research injectors, the combustion space of the constant of the volume with 3D laser equipment (PDPA, LDV), results of researches of fuel spray concerning droplet diameters, results of researches of fuel spray concerning droplet distribution of lineal and volume, and dependences Rosin-Rammler, results of researches of fuel spray concerning distribution of 3D droplet velocity, results of the analysis of combustion rate and impulse for fuel spray are presented in the paper. The obtainment of small droplet dimensions is possible in the way increasing of the injection pressure. However high increasing of the pressure unfavourably bears on life of fuel equipment. From other methods one can mention methods mechanical improvements of spraying of the fuel. One of mechanical methods stayed put-upon in research of the ignition process.

6

Theoretical and real working cycle of four stroke piston engine

Ambrozik A., Jankowski A., Slezak M.

Journal of KONES

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2007

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Vol. 14, No. 2

9-18

EN

The most important problems concerning analyses of generalized computational thermodynamical working cycle of the four-stroke combustion engine are result of the identification of real indicating diagram. The analysis of working cycle of the four-stroke combustion engine is realized from point of view heat efficiency, the average theoretical cycle pressure, as well as of the influence of the organization working cycle on the value of the maximum pressure in the cylinder of a combustion engine. A novel mathematical model reflecting elementary processes occurring in the cylinder of a combustion engine and connected with it intake and exhaust systems of engine were proposed. Thermodynamical working cycles of four-stroke piston engines, theoretical working cycle of a four-stroke piston engine, thermal efficiency of the theoretical thermodynamic generalised engine work cycle, mean theoretical pressure of the generalised thermodynamic work cycle of a combustion engine, maximum pressure of the theoretical thermodynamic work cycle of a combustion engine, comparative working cycles of piston engines, real working cycle of four-stroke piston engines are presented In het paper. The methods of analyses and calculations referring these engines work cycles were presented. These method show advisability and needs of using them to theoretical calculations and analyses of real work cycles. Generalized engine work cycle was proposed.

7

Analysis and research of piston working conditions of combustion engine in high thermal load conditions

Jankowska-Sieminska B., Jankowski A., Slezak M.

Journal of KONES

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2007

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Vol. 14, No. 3

233-243

EN

Explanation of phenomena occurring in pistons of combustion engines which appear during heating and cooling processes in reference to standard materials and composite materials of high material proprieties is aim of the paper. Bring over researches were mostly directed on measurements of difference dimensions which appear during the piston work in the combustion engine. The paper concentrates on phenomenon of different proprieties of materials. The thermal stresses and shocks differ. In the thermal shock, thermal stresses are caused by instantaneous temperature gradients which appear at high engine speed. These stresses are determined thro temperature distribution and they do not differ from stresses in steady-state conditions. Researches concerning thermal expansions were performed by means of sensitive dilatometer which can work in simple and differential system. Changes of dimensions versus temperature function were measured with inductive sensor and the sensitive Pt-ptrh thermocouple, and results were referred to reference material-Platinum. Research results are illustrated on diagrams of different courses of changes of the of thermal expansion coefficient during heating and cooling of standard and composite materials. Values of the thermal expansion coefficient a for the heating and cooling are smaller for composite alloys. The course of the coefficient â during cooling can be higher or lower from the coefficient a during heating. Similar values were also received. Maximum differences were of 10%. Smaller values of the coefficient a for composite alloys cause that for such the same thermal loads temperature gradients will be smaller for composite alloys. Courses of changes of the coefficient â have a different characteristics suited from chemical composition of alloy, granularity of the composite component and thermal treatment.

8

Some problems using of vegetable fuels in diesel engines

Ambrozik A., Jankowski A., Slezak M.

Journal of KONES

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2006

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Vol. 13, No. 4

487-496

EN

Experimental results of the four-stroke CI direct injection engine fed with vegetable fuel - methyl esters of the rapeseed oil in aspect pressure course and heat release are presented in the paper. Aim realized researches was estimation of the influence feed of the CI engine a vegetable fuel on performance of the CI engine mainly in an aspect of the heat release. This influence estimated on the basis of engine research on dynamometer test bench with additional high-frequency measurement of the pressure in the combustion chamber and the feed system and lift of nozzle needle. In estimation works there were performed: the analysis change route of increasing of the pressure in the injection pipeline of the engine feed system and as result of appointment of relative characteristics of the heat release quantity during combustion process. This analysis realized basing on average values of 100 engine work cycles received from experimental measurement on engine dynamometer test bench. Characteristics of the relative heat release quantity during combustion process were appointed basing on the analysis of 100 engine work cycles received from experimental indicator diagrams. Indicator diagrams were obtained at work of the engine according to the external speed engine characteristics. The analysis of indicator diagrams of the engine oriented on to calculating characteristics of the heat release was realized at the regard of the change composition and the working charge quantity of kilo mole during combustion process and at neglect of losses of heat caused with the dissociation combustion products. The quantity heat exchanged between the working charge and walls combustion chamber was appointed basing on the empirical dependence for coefficient proposed by Woschni. Test results indicate the two-phase- course of combustion process. The speed of the heat release concerning combustion of vegetable fuel is greater comparatively for this speed concerning the diesel oil. Initial values of speed jet of injected fuel, the drop break-up terms and the spray ranges were comparable for both fuels. These proprieties have an essential influence on performances of the engine.