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Distribution patterns and habitat preferences of mountain vascular plant species in the Silesian uplands (southern Poland)

Nowak T., Urbisz A., Kapusta P., Tokarska-Guzik B.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2011

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Vol. 59, nr 2

219-234

EN

The descent of some mountain species into the lowlands is an interesting phenomenon in plant geography and ecology. The main purpose of the present study is to update the list of mountain species for the Silesian Uplands and to provide a synthesis of the knowledge accumulated to date on the habitats for their occurrence, a possible origin and their distribution patterns. In the present study, both the authors. own records and those obtained by other researchers have been used: published, unpublished and herbarium records, and assembled in a form compatible with the Atlas of distribution of vascular plants in Poland (ATPOL) in the ATPOL.Silesia database). A list of mountain species present in the study region (approximately 4000 km2) is provided in relation to their altitudinal groups. For each species, information about its affiliation to geographical elements and the type of habitats in which it has occurred is recorded. The distribution of mountain species in the Silesian Uplands has been investigated by mapping the species onto a grid of 2 x 2 km squares (1040 in total). For ATPOL squares, containing at least one mountain species (N = 647), CORINE land cover data were obtained and used in explaining the distribution of mountain species composition and richness. In the vascular flora of the Silesian Uplands 76 mountain taxa have been noted, including 2 submontane, 41 montane, 1 subalpine nd 32 multizonal species. The list of mountain species has been supplemented with Lonicera nigra and Cirsium erisithales. Many mountain species occurring in the Silesian Uplands have localities distributed throughout the whole region and thus they do not represent any particular type of range. Some species show certain patterns of distribution associated with local habitat conditions. Stands of the montane species are concentrated mainly in the western part of the Silesian Uplands, while the multizonal species are concentrated in the eastern and central part of the study area. Most of the mountain species occur in natural habitats, in particular in broadleaved woodlands, even when they have been degraded. However, some of the species prefer strongly degraded habitats, in particular sand- and clay-pits, quarries and industrial spoils which has been confirmed by multivariate (RDA) analysis. Discussing the possible origin of the mountain species in the Silesian Uplands one can consider migration routes from two directions: from the Sudety Mts. or from the Carpathian Mts. (located approximately 400 km south-west from a study area and 50.100 km south, respectively). Another possible explanation is that the species had a wider range during the glaciations and survived here in refugia.

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Ocena bioróżnorodności jako jeden z ważnym warunków ekorozwoju

Urbisz A.

Problemy Ekorozwoju

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2010

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vol. 5, nr 1

91-94

PL

Artykuł prezentuje pojęcie i sposoby mierzenia różnorodności biologicznej oraz jej znaczenie, jako wskaźnika zrównoważonego rozwoju i ekorozwoju. Ocena bioróżnorodności może być przeprowadzana na różnych poziomach organizacji przyrody. Najwięcej używanych obecnie wskaźników jest związanych z różnorodnością gatunkową oraz ekosystemową (krajobrazową). Stwierdzono, że wskaźniki dotyczące stanu środowiska przyrodniczego mają zasadnicze znaczenie przy ocenie realizacji założeń zrównoważonego rozwoju, którego ważnym celem powinno być zahamowanie tempa wymierania gatunków na Ziemi.

EN

The article presents the concept and modes of measurement of biological diversity as well as its significance as an indicator of sustainable development and ecodevelopment. Estimation of biodiversity can be carried out on various levels of organisation of nature. The majority of currently used indicators are linked to species and ecosystem (landscape) diversity. It has been established that indicators concerning the state of the natural environment are of great importance for evaluation of fulfilment of the assumptions of sustainable development, for which the important goal should be the restriction of the rate of species extinction on Earth.

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Wpływ działalności człowieka na występowanie roślin naczyniowych prawnie chronionych w Polsce

Urbisz A.

Problemy Ekologii

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2008

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R. 12, nr 3

145-152

PL

Niniejsze opracowanie poświęcone jest roślinom naczyniowym prawnie chronionym w Polsce. Jego celem jest porównanie gatunków ze względu na stopień przekształcenia siedlisk, na których mogą one występować oraz wpływ działalności człowieka na liczebność ich stanowisk. Z 395 gatunków roślin naczyniowych objętych ochroną w Polsce (table 1), 374 znajduje się pod ochroną ścisłą a 21 pod ochroną częściową. Większość z nich spotykamy na siedliskach naturalnych lub pomaturalnych, jedynie 31 gatunków występuje spontanicznie na siedliskach sztucznych. Prawie 40% gatunków chronionych może być celowo nasadzanych przez człowieka jako rośliny ozdobne lub użytkowe, co niekiedy w znacznym stopniu wpływa na zwiększenie liczby ich stanowisk. Do różnych kategorii zagrożenia wg Polskiej Czerwonej Księgi Roślin należy 157 gatunków chronionych.

EN

The present paper is devoted to vascular plant species under legal protection in Poland. Its aim was to compare species in relation to degree of transformation of habitats, in which they can occur as well as influence of human activity on number of their localities. Of 394 vascular species being under protection in Poland (table 1), 373 are strictly protected and 21 are partially protected. Majority of them are to be found in natural or semi-natural habitats, only 35 oceur spontaneously in man-made habitats. Almost 40% of protected species may be cultivated purposely as ornamentals what leads to inerease number of their localities. To various criteria of threat according to Polish Red Data Book of Plants 157 species were included.