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Pracownia chemiczno-analityczna Warszawskiego Towarzystwa Farmaceutycznego w latach 1897-1914 (w świetle „Wiadomości Farmaceutycznych”)

Trojanowska A.

Kwartalnik Historii Nauki i Techniki

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2018

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R. 63, nr 3

63--90

EN

Chemical-analytical laboratory of the Warsaw Pharmaceutical Society was established in 1897. In the laboratory, chemical (i.a. into pharmaceuticals and foodstuffs, physiological analyses) and bacteriological research was conducted and also didactic classes were given. There were also attempts to take up scientific activities. The purpose of this work is to present the Society’s activities and people, who headed them and tried to counteract the growing problem of adulteration of pharmaceuticals and foodstuffs, as well as to develop the basis of pharmaceutical knowledge in the difficult time for this profession - at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries - when in practice the knowledge gained during studies turned out insufficient.

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Problemy fałszowania żywności w publikacjach warszawskiego farmaceuty Alfonsa Bukowskiego (1858–1921)

Trojanowska A.

Kwartalnik Historii Nauki i Techniki

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2014

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R. 59, nr 3

81--104

EN

In the second half of the 19th century, the economic changes, industrial development and migration of the population from rural to urban areas in Europe, there was an increasing demand for cheap foodstuffs, which contributed to the growth of mass food production, as well as to the increase in adulteration of foodstuffs. In the Kingdom of Poland, the research on this problem was conducted by a Warsaw pharmacist and chemist, Alfons Bukowski (1858-1921), the author of the first Polish textbook on bromatology - Podręcznik do badania pokarmów; (1884) ("A manual for food testing"). The methods and results of his research were published in magazines, among others, in "Wiadomości Farmaceutyczne" ("Pharmasist News"), "Zdrowie" ("The Health") and "Czasopisma Towarzystwa Aptekarskiego" ("Journals of the Pharmasist Association"). He paid attention to the social noxiousness of the adulterations, indicating that it is especially the poor people, who buy the cheapest products that are particularly vulnerable to adulteration of foodstuffs. In this paper, there have been presented selected issues related to adulteration of food products, issues to which Bukowski paid particular attention, and which were significantly affected by contemporary development of food chemistry, among other the development of methods of chemical and microscopic analysis and the generation of new surrogates, which replaced the natural food products.

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Phosphorus in sediments and pore waters of selected Polish dam reservoirs

Trojanowska A., Jezierski P.

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

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2011

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Vol. 40, No.2

72-85

EN

This study aimed to examine and explain the spatial distribution of total phosphorus in sediments and orthophosphates in interstitial water in four Polish dam reservoirs with varying hydrological and geochemical characteristics. The results are linked to physicochemical parameters of sediments: organic matter and calcium carbonates content, pH, redox potential and conductivity. In two of the studied reservoirs hydrological dynamics were a driving force in phosphorus circulation, despite the big difference in their mean water retention times, and interactions with Ca and Fe were of secondary importance In other reservoirs with complicated shorelines and reservoir beds, due to water flow disturbance the hydrological impact was not as pronounced. Geochemical processes, such as precipitation of phosphorus associated with Ca^+2, Fe(III) or in complexed with humic substances became more significant.

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Piżmo jako temat pracy doktorskiej Ludwika Bierkowskiego

Trojanowska A.

Kwartalnik Historii Nauki i Techniki

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2011

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R. 56, nr 2

143-156

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Synthesis and transformation of 4-difluoromethylsulfonyl-2-nitrophenylsulfenyl chloride into new compounds with promising pesticidal activity

Ochal Z., Trojanowska A.

Polish Journal of Applied Chemistry

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2008

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Vol. 52, nr 3-4

131-138

EN

The synthesis of 4-difluoromethylsulfonyl-2-nitrophenylsulfenyl chloride and its transformation into new compounds with potential pesticidal activity is reported. The title compound was obtained by three step synthesis starting from 4-difluoromethylchlorophenyl sulfone. It was nitrated and then subjected to the SNAr reaction with sodium disulfide to give proper diphenyl disulfide which was chlorinated by chlorine. Obtained phenylsulfenyl chloride was transformed into sulfonamide derivatives by reactions with amines.

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Sałata Lactuca sp. jako roślina lecznicza w badaniach polskich XIX-wiecznych farmaceutów i lekarzy

Trojanowska A.

Kwartalnik Historii Nauki i Techniki

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2005

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R. 50, nr 3/4

123--134

EN

Mentions of lettuce Lactuca sp. that have appeared since antiquity contained similar information on its curative properties, but such properties were ascribed to different species or varieties. Apart from the wild and poisonous lettuce, also garden or common lettuce were identified as having curative action, and some publications lacked information enabling the precise identification of the lettuce in question. In the 19th century, attempts were made to put some order into the knowledge of lettuce as a medicinal plant. Information contained in Polish medical studies of the 19th century on lettuce points to the poisonous species, Lactuca virosa, and the common or garden lettuce, Lactuca sativa v. Lactuca hortensis, as being used as a medicinal plant. In that period, lettuce and especially the the desiccated lactescent juice obtained from it, lactucarium, were considered to be an intoxicant, and were used as a sedative and an analgesic. The action of the substance was weaker than that of opium but free of the side-effects, and medical practice showed that in some cases lactucarium produced better curative effects than opium. To corroborate those properties of lettuce and its lactescent juice, studies were undertaken to find the substance responsible for the curative effects of the juice. However, such studies failed to produce the expected results, and the component responsible for the curative properties of letuce was not identified. Medical practice thus had to restrict itself to the uses of the desiccated lactescent juice and extracts obtained from it. The possibility of obtaining lactucarium from plants cultivated in Poland caused Polish pharmacists and physicians to take an interest in the stuff and launch their own research of lettuce and the lactescent juice obtained from it. Results of research on lettuce were published in 19th-century journals by, among others, Jan Fryderyk Wolfgang, Florian Sawiczewski and Jozef Orkisz.