Raport przygotowany przez Instytut Sobieskiego wskazuje na niski poziom zbierania elektroodpadów. Stworzenie efektywnego systemu gromadzenia i prawidłowego przetwarzania ZSEE będzie możliwe jedynie wskutek przygotowania i wdrożenia odpowiednich mechanizmów organizacyjnych oraz finansowych. Co wymaga zmiany?
Raport o funkcjonowaniu systemu ZSEE jest jedyną oficjalną informacją dla rządu RP, społeczeństwa i przedsiębiorców na temat funkcjonowania istotnej części strategicznego sektora polskiej gospodarki, którym niewątpliwie jest recykling. Dokument stanowić ma kompendium wiedzy, na podstawie którego rząd podejmuje rozstrzygnięcia prawne w zakresie funkcjonowania i rozwoju systemu.
Scrap, sintered Nd–Fe–B magnets were subjected to hydrogen treatments of Hydrogen Decrepitation (HD) and Hydrogenation–Disproportion–Desorption and Recombination (HDDR) route. In HD treatments, increasing hydrogen pressure from 100 kPa up to 200 kPa at room temperature, does not affect particles size distribution but accelerates the reaction by decreasing the incubation time. In this study a faster HD process is reported when fresh materials are provided compared to one week stored ones. As part of the exothermic nature of the HD process, the increment of temperature was registered. The temperature rise was slightly higher for the fresh material (close to 2°C) comparing with the one week stored material (around 1.5°C). Hydrogen absorption was analysed during the HDDR process carried out at 850°C under three hydrogen pressures: 30, 100 and 200 kPa. For 30 kPa, due to hydrogen consumption, additional refilling was necessary, while other tested pressures were high enough to avoid additional refilling during the HDDR.
PL
Praca miała na celu określenie wpływu ciśnienia na stopień rozdrobienia magnesów Nd–Fe–B w procesie kruszenia wodorowego HD (Hydrogen Decrepitation) oraz wpływu ciśnienia na przebieg absorpcji wodoru w trakcie procesu wodorowania HDDR (Hydrogenation, Disproportionation, Desorption and Recombination). Zakres badań obejmował: przeprowadzenie procesów HD, określenie efektu termicznego, analizę wielkości cząstek proszku uzyskanego po procesie, zbadanie wpływu ciśnienia na szybkość inicjacji procesu HD oraz przeprowadzenie procesów wodorowania HDDR i analizę absorpcji wodoru.
Studies done on recycled products gained from computer boards have been presented. Alloys fabricated by melting of computer boards were investigated in detail. It was found that the alloy is segregated into two regions - copper and iron rich, in which other alloying elements, forming either solid solutions or intermetallic phases, are dissolved. Scale from melting and sediment from etching metals in hydrochloric acid were also studied. In the scale fluxing agents and residual of metals were gathered, whereas in the sediment some amount of noble metals was detected. Microscopic investigations and chemical composition measurements were performed on alloys from melted boards as well as on the scale and the sediment.
In this paper the Hydrogenation, Disproportionation, Desorption and Recombination (HDDR) route was tested, for the Nd-Fe-B master alloy, as a prospective procedure for recycling of sintered scrap neodymium magnets. The HDDR method is based on the hydrogen induced reversal phase transformation of Nd-Fe-B alloy: Nd2Fe14B + (2±x) H2 = 2NdH2±x + Fe2B + 12Fe. Microstructural observations (SEM), phase constitution studies (XRD) and measurement of magnetic properties (VSM) were done to investigate the HDDR transformation progress. It was observed that disproportionation reaction starts at the grain boundaries, where the Nd-rich phase is located. Average grain size was reduced and coercive material was produced as a result of the HDDR process. Obtained results are similar to literature data.