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Numerical studies of plasma edge in W7-X with 3D FINDIF code

Jabłczyńska Małgorzata, Pełka Grzegorz, Jakubowski Marcin, Ślęczka Marcin

Nukleonika

2023

Vol. 68, No. 4

83--90

Modelling of the plasma transport for inherently three-dimensional (3D) problems as in stellarators requires dedicated complex codes. FINDIF is a 3D multifl uid plasma edge transport code that has been previously successfully used for the analysis of energy transport in the TEXTOR-DED tokamak [1], where 3D perturbations led to an ergodic structure of fi eld lines in the plasma edge. The ongoing efforts to apply it meaningfully to Wendelstein 7-X (W7-X) plasma problems resulted in advancements in the main model and accompanying tools for mesh generation and post-processing. In order to verify the applicability of the code and to compare with the reported simulation (EMC3-EIRENE) and experimental (OP1.1) results, a series of simulations for varying plasma density, temperature and anomalous transport coeffi cients as well as for fi xed input power were performed. The connection length pattern of FINDIF traced magnetic fi eld lines on the limiter was reproduced and its impact on heat loads was confi rmed. An increase in the peak heat load on the limiter with a rise in plasma density, temperature and anomalous plasma transport coeffi cients was observed. The decay lengths of density, electron temperature and heat fl ux did not change with density, and were decreasing with temperature and increasing with anomalous plasma transport coeffi cient, which was compared to the simple scrape-off layer (SOL) model.

The biomechanical formation of trees

Jelonek Tomasz, Tomczak Arkadiusz, Karaszewski Zbigniew, Jakubowski Marcin, Arasimowicz-Jelonek Magdalena, Grzywiński Witold, Kopaczyk Joanna, Klimek Katarzyna

Drewno : prace naukowe, doniesienia, komunikaty

2019

vol. 62, nr 204

5--22

Tree biomechanics and biomechanical tree stability are research problems that have been discussed in world literature for many years. The biomechanical profile formation in trees is an extremely complicated problem and has not been fully clarified to date. It is influenced by many factors, which determine tree growth, tree development, multifunctionality of organs, and anatomical elements in xylem. The phenomenon is further affected by the overlapping of functions and development of numerous interactions between all the systems found in living trees. This paper presents a synthetic description of selected research results, providing insight into the mechanical functioning of trees, from initial theories of mechanical tree formation to the influence of dynamic load on tree stability. Trees are a biological structure that shows high adaptability to external conditions. Thus, the response to a specific environmental stressor, including abiotic and biotic factors, should be considered. Analyses of the biomechanical system in plants need to be considered in a broader context than a selected single load. Due to the complexity of these phenomena and numerous interactions, we need more multidisciplinary research to explain biomechanical mechanism of tree development.

Proportion of sapwood and heartwood in stems of European Larch (Larix decidua Mill.) origin from provenances experimental plot

Jakubowski Marcin, Szaban Jarosław, Kowalkowski Wojciech

Annals of Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW. Forestry and Wood Technology

2014

No. 88

87--91

Proportion of sapwood and heartwood in stems of European Larch (Larix decidua Mill.) origin from provenances experimental plot. The aim of this work was to state wether the wood from different provenances of European Larch (Larix decidua Mill.) show differences in proportion of sapwood and heartwood in stems. Research were carried out on 56 trees erepresenting 6 provenances of larch: Bliżyn (10), Czerniejewo (5), Konstancjewo-Tomkowo (3), Krościenko (15), Rawa Mazowiecka-Trębaczew (6), Skarżysko (9). This plot is a part of unique research area established in 1966. Results show important differences between heartwood-sapwood proportion for two provenances: Krościenko - the heighest proportion (largest volume of heartwood) and Bliżyn the lowes proportion (least volume of heartwood). The other provenances show similar proportions.