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The Eect of ENSO on Seasonal Rainfall Using the Monte-Carlo Bootstrap Method in the Southern Part of Java, Indonesia

Nugroho Bayu Dwi Apri, Ardhitama Aristya, Arif Chusnul, Wijayanti Syintianuri Intan, Al Adilah Afatul Husna, Hadi Intan Permata, Annisa Hertiyana Nur, Sartohadi Junun

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

2024

Vol. 25, iss. 3

211--219

ENSO is a global climate phenomenon that has been able to affect weather and climate conditions in Indonesia, especially in the southern part of Java Island, which is represented by Yogyakarta province. Subseasonal to seasonal (S2S) is a seasonal period that tries to bridge the gap between a relatively short period and a climate that has a relatively long period. The author has conducted a study that aims to determine the effect of the global ENSO phenomenon on the increase and decrease in rainfall in the southern part of the Java island region during the S2S season. In this study, the data obtained from the Nino 3.4 data and seasonal rainfall data in The southern part of Java, which is represented by Yogyakarta province in the years 2001–2022 were used. The method used is the Monte-Carlo Bootstrap permutation resampling method. The results show that in general the southern part of the Java Island region is affected by El Nino and La Nina phenomena both in the peak period of the rainy season and the peak of the dry season of JFM, JJA, ASO, and OND although the responses from several sample areas have different effects.

Delineating spring recharge areas inferred from morphological, lithological, and hydrological datasets on Quaternary volcanic landscapes at the southern flank of Rinjani Volcano, Lombok Island, Indonesia

Setiawan Ogi, Sartohadi Junun, Hadi M. Pramono, Mardiatno Djati

Acta Geophysica

2019

Vol. 67, no. 1

177--190

Springs are a vital source of water supply in Quaternary volcanic environments, such as Rinjani Volcano on Lombok Island, and yet little is known about their emergence and recharge areas. Knowledge of spring recharge area can substantially support further spring analysis and management. This study was performed in two spring zones on the southern flank of Rinjani Volcano. It combined the available morphological, lithological, and hydrological datasets to build a conceptual model of the spring recharge areas. According to the analysis results, the conceptual model allowed to describe the flow medium, the aquifer type, and the characteristics of the flow system. The local morphology controlled the direction and gradient of groundwater flow to the springs. The analysis also revealed that the spring water in the study area was meteoric water, which mainly came from rainwater infiltration. Therefore, the boundaries of the spring recharge areas were represented by the morphological divides.