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Assessment of the Effect of Sunflower Agrocenosis on the Characteristics of the Structural and Aggregate Composition of Typical Black Soil

Voitovyk Мikhaylo, Butenko Yevheniia, Tkachenko Mykola, Mishchenko Yurii, Tsyuk Оleksiy, Obrazhyy Sergiy, Panchenko Оleksandr, Martyniuk Ivan, Kondratiuk Irina, Kopylova Tetiana

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2024

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Vol. 25, nr 1

153--160

EN

The research was conducted on the Bila Tserkva National Agrarian University experimental field on a typical deep, low-humus chernozem. The methods of main cultivation in the sunflower agrocenosis of grain-row crop rotation had a major influence on the soil structuring processes. The use of moldboard and no-moldboard tillage increased the number of the most agronomically beneficial aggregates (0.25–10 mm) in the 0–10 cm soil’s layer at the begining of the sunflower growing season by 6.0% compared to shallow no-moldboardof tillage the soil. By the end of the growing season in the sunflower agrocenosis in the 0–30 cm soil layer, compared to the beginning of the crop growing season, the number of agronomically beneficial aggregates (0.25–10 mm) decreased, the number of fractions larger than 10 mm and fractions smaller than 0.25 mm increased. The coefficient of structure for moldboard and no-moldboard tillage significantly increased compared to shallow no-moldboardof tillage. The use of shallow no-moldboardof tillage and moldboard with no-moldboardof tillage was led to an increase in the content of stable aggregates by 1.2–7.5%. The highest yield of sunflower was recorded for the use of moldboard with no-mold-boardof tillage – 2.72 t/ha, which is significantly higher than other variants. The use of shallow no-moldboardof tillage for 10–12 cm with disc tools led to a notable decrease in productivity compared to the control. Improving the water resistance of soil aggregates during moldboard and no-moldboard tillage and shallow no-moldboardof tillage helps to preserve the soil’s potential fertility.

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Ecological and Economic Study of Winter Wheat Varieties by Different Geographical Origin

Sobko Mykola, Butenko Yevheniia, Davydenko Gennadiy, Solarov Oleksandr, Pylypenko Viacheslav, Makarova Viktoriia, Mikulina Maryna, Samoshkina Iryna, Antonovskyi Oleksandr, Poriadynskyi Volodymyr

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2023

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Vol. 24, iss. 1

12--21

EN

The results of research on increasing resistance of winter wheat varieties of different geographical origins to adverse weather conditions in the zone of unstable moistening in the North-Eastern Forest Steppe of Ukraine have been summarized. Rational use of agrometeorological resources made it possible to determine optimal terms of work on the elements of cultivation technology, taking into account weather conditions of the current year nd on their basis, to improve adaptive technologies for growing winter wheat varieties. This contributed to increase of yielding capacity, quality of grain and sustainability of agriculture. Such conditions were favorable for winter wheat crops of late sowing periods, the plants of which reached tillering phase on a significant part already in winter period. Yielding capacity of winter wheat by sowing dates (on average by varieties) was: September 1 – 5.72 t ha-1, September 10 – 5.54 t ha-1, September 20 – 5.41 t ha-1, October 1 – 5.45 t ha-1, October 10 – 4.87 t ha-1, October 20 – 5.11 t ha-1, November 1 – 5.06 t ha-1. Kraevyd and Pylypivka were the most productive among winter wheat varieties under conditions of 2020. Their yielding capacity varied between 6.18–6.88 t ha-1 and 5.53–6.30 t ha-1 depending on sowing dates. The highest level of profitability was provided by Kraevyd variety (120.0–131.2%) at late sowing dates (October 1 – November 1).

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Influence of Agricultural Systems on Microbiological Transformation of Organic Matter in Wheat Winter Crops on Typical Black Soils

Karpenko Olena, Butenko Yevheniia, Rozhko Valentina, Sykalo Оksana, Chernega Tetyana, Kustovska Alla, Onychko Viktor, Tymchuk Dmytro S., Filon Vasyl, Novikova Anna

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2022

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Vol. 23, nr 9

181--186

EN

The influence of different agriculture systems and measures of basic tillage on nutrient regime, its relation to the number of microorganisms involved in transformation of organic matter in typical black soils was studied. Direction of the formation processes of some physiological indices in the field of wheat winter was investigated. It was found that the most favorable conditions of nutrition and soil microflora development, as well as indices of crop growth and development are created when using ecological system of agriculture.

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Rapd-Analysis of Flax Varieties of the Ukrainian National Collection

Kovalenko Ihor, Vereshchahin Ihor, Butenko Yevheniia, Kandyba Natalia, Onychko Viktor, Bakumenko Olha, Kovalenko Vladyslav, Klochkova Tetiana

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2022

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Vol. 23, iss. 3

1--6

EN

The article presents the results of research on the use of RAPD (Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA) molecular primers, linked to the sign of fiber content in the stems of flax. The main purpose of the research is to identify genetic polymorphism based on the fiber content, inter- and intraspecific genetic relationships between domestic and foreign flax varieties and hybrids. Realization of this aim will allow the number of tasks: 1) to increase the possibilities for successfully identify flax varieties and hybrids, 2) group the breeding material according to its genetic affinity, which will optimize the selection of pairs for crossing, 3) it is better to integrate traditional breeding methods (hybridization, selection, mutagenesis) with molecular biology methods for creation flax varieties with specified parameters of valuable economic traits and, as a consequence, to make selection most successful. 24 varieties and hybrids of flax were investigated using the method of polymerase chain reaction and separation of DNA fragments by gel electrophoresis. A small number of loci on electrophoregrams were detected, which indicates a small affinity of the selection material, which was also confirmed by the use of cluster analysis.