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EN
Informal mining is a very relevant activity in many regions of the world, as it provides employment and income to local communities. However, this activity faces significant challenges due to the impact of climate change. The objective of this study was to identify, analyze and synthesize, using a unique approach, the specific risks associated with the impact of climate change on the informal mining industry. Methodologically, it was a review study through an analysis of original content for the purpose of creating an authentic study, in which the following search engines were used: Scopus, Redalyc SciELO, Google Scholar and WoS. The analysis of the texts allowed identifying three categories of analysis: (a) Environmental challenges in informal mining: Evaluation of deforestation, soil degradation and water pollution as a consequence of climate change, (b) Health and safety risks of informal mining workers: Exposure to toxic substances and dangers associated with extreme weather phenomena and (c) Adaptation and mitigation strategies in informal mining in the face of climate change: Clean technologies, training and improvement of working conditions, which allowed obtaining a deeper understanding of the risks associated with the impact of climate change on the informal mining industry, identifying deforestation, land degradation and water pollution as significant environmental challenges affecting this industry due to climate change.
EN
The heavy metal accumulation in the sediment and removal efficiency in stabilization ponds with Hydrocotyle ranunculoides filter were evaluated. Sediment and water were sampled in June, July and August 2018. The sediment sampling for each lagoon was conducted at three sites forming a composite sample. The water samples were collected in the tributary and effluent pipelines to determine the heavy metal concentration and removal efficiency by Hydrocotyle ranunculoides. The determination of heavy metals was performed with the method of atomic flame absorption spectrophotometry. The mean concentration of heavy metals in the sediment, in a descending order, was: Fe > Zn > Pb > Cu > Cd. The concentrations of these metals ranged from 998.0 to 1365.02, from 488.01 to 600.30, from 88.23 to 95.01, from 1.47 to 1.53 and from 0.01 to 0.13 mg/Kg, respectively. In the four stabilization ponds, the pollution factor values for Cd, Cu and Fe qualified as low pollution factor. While for Zn and Pb, they qualified as moderate pollution factors. The heavy metal removal rates from the water varied by metal.
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