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1

Krakowskie cyklotrony

Bakewicz E., Norys T., Taraszkiewicz R., Włodek L.

Postępy Fizyki

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2007

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T. 58, z. 1

26-30

EN

A short account of three cyclotrons operating in Cracow during the last 50 years is presented.

2

AIC-144 cyclotron: present status

Bakewicz E., Budzanowski A., Taraszkiewicz R.

Nukleonika

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2003

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Vol. 48,suppl.2

117-121

EN

The presented AIC-144 cyclotron was designed and constructed 20 years ago in the Institute of Nuclear Physics in Kraków (Poland). Later on it was modernized, after the decision of creating the Hadron Radiotherapy Centre in Kraków was taken by the government. At present, the cyclotron is capable to deliver beams of protons (with energy up to 60 MeV), deuterons (with energy up to 30 MeV) and a-particles (with energy up to 60 MeV). The magnetic structure and the RF system were modernized (a new HF generator with output power 120 kW and frequency range 10-27 MHz was installed; an RF cavity resonator was reconstructed to improve the Q-factor at the highest frequencies). The new PIG source and system of central diaphragms was built to improve beams quality on the first turns. The single lamella and multilamella probes were fully reconstructed. Special effort was put on a highly efficient extraction system. The precession method for particles extraction was chosen as the best one. All computer simulations and experimental runs were done in close cooperation with specialists from the Laboratory of Nuclear Problems JINR, Dubna. The extraction system consists of 2 electrostatic deflectors, 3 magnetic channels (passive) and 4 coils for shaping of the 1st harmonic. So far, the beam extraction experiments were carried out for the proton beams with the final energy of 35 MeV, 48 MeV and 60 MeV. For all these energies the efficiency of extraction was above 50%. A computer remote control of the main magnet power supply and of the 24 correction coils was installed and put into operation. In the last 3 years, the internal beams of protons and a-particles were used to produce radioisotopes like 11C, 57Co, 83-85Sr, 102Rh, 111In, 173-175Hf, 178-181W.

3

A new extraction system for the upgraded AIC-144 cyclotron

Bakewicz E., Daniel K., Doruch H., Sulikowski J., Taraszkiewicz R., Morozov N., Samsonov E., Shakun N., Vorojtsov S.

Nukleonika

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2001

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Vol. 46, nr 2

51-57

EN

This paper is a description of the computer simulation and the first experimental results on an AIC-144 isochronous cyclotron new extraction system. The cyclotron will be able to generate beams of protons, deuterons and alfa particles. One of the principal goals of the upgraded facility is to extract beams of protons and deuterons (proton energy 60 MeV, deuteron energy 30 MeV) for proton radiotherapy and for fast neutron beams. The precession method for particle extraction was chosen as the best one. It is the first time that the proton beam of energy 35 MeV has been extracted from the AIC-144 cyclotron with an efficiency of above 50%. More careful adjustment of the extraction system parameters (better control of the 1st harmonic of the magnetic field and the position of the deflectors) will permit an increase in the extraction efficiency to the design value of 70%.

4

Possibilities for production of medical radiotracers on the AIC-144 cyclotron in the Cracow Institute of Nuclear Physics

Petelenz B, Ochab E., Misiak R., Bakewicz E.

Nukleonika

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1998

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Vol. 43, nr 4

429-434

EN

Applications of the Cracow U-120 cyclotron, which operated in the years 1958-1995, involved obtaining carrier-free radionuclides, e.g. (sup 67)Ga, (sup 88)Y, (sup 111)In, (sup 123)I, (sup 139)Ce, (sup 169)Yb and (sup 211)At from Zn, SrCl2, Ag or CdO, TeO2, La2O3, Tm2O3 and Bi2O3 targets, respectively. Wet and dry methods of separating these radionuclides from irradiated targets were elaborated by our Radiochemistry Groups. The newly-installed AIC-144 cyclotron will offer beam energies and intensities higher than the old one, but production of radionuclides will be restricted to the internal beam. Users’ requirements for the internal target assembly were summarized in 1996 and by the end of 1997 a design has been outlined and main mechanical parts of the assembly were purchased. The assembly will be suitable for irradiating metallic targets deposited electrochemically on a water-cooled support. The pilot experiments will start with obtaining (sup 67)Ga. Later on, other radionuclides for SPECT or positron studies in medicine and physics will be obtained.

PL

Działający w Krakowie, w latach 1958-1995, cyklotron U-120 był używany m.in. do wytwarzania niewielkich ilości radionuklidów. Otrzymywano np. (sup 67)Ga, (sup 88)Y, (sup 111)In, (sup 123)I, (sup 139) Ce, (sup 169)Yb i (sup 211)At z tarcz, odpowiednio: Zn, SrCI2, Ag lub CdO, TeO2, La2O3, Tm2O3 i Bi2O3 W Zakładzie Fizykochemii Jądrowej Instytutu opracowano szereg suchych i mokrych metod wydzielania beznośnikowych ilości tych nuklidów z tarcz bombardowanych deuteronami lub cząstkami alta. Nowy cyklotron, AIC-144, pozwoli przyspieszać także protony, a przy tym uzyskiwać wyższe prądy wiązki i wyższe energie cząstek. Z przyczyn technicznych otrzymywanie radionuklidów będzie musiało odbywać się za pomocą wiązki wewnętrznej. Założenia użytkowe do projektu stanowiska do aktywacji tarcz wiązką wewnętrzną opracowano w roku 1996. Do końca roku 1997 przygotowano projekt wstępny oraz zakupiono najważniejsze elementy konstrukcyjne i kontrolne stanowiska. Projektowane stanowisko umożliwi aktywacje tarcz metalicznych. Pierwszym wytwarzanym nuklidem będzie (sup 67)Ga, a następnie zostana podjete próby otrzymywania innych radionuklidów stosowanych jako znaczniki w medycynie lub badaniach fizycznych.