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1

Propagation characteristics of longitudinal-torsion coupled waves in phononic crystal rods of chiral materials

Dai P., Wang R.

Archives of Mechanics

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2023

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Vol. 75, nr 5

543--558

EN

The chiral properties of chiral materials have a great influence on the wave propagation. Applying chiral materials to the design of phononic crystal rods not only increases the design space, but also may have other potential advantages. There is a lack of research on designing phononic crystal rods using chiral materials and the propagation characteristics of elastic waves in phononic crystal rods made of chiral materials. In this study, chiral materials are introduced into the design of phonon crystal rods for the first time, Bragg scattering type and local resonance type phononic crystal rods are designed using chiral materials. Dispersion equations for the propagation of longitudinal-torsion coupled waves in the phononic crystal rods are derived, and the effect of the chirality of the materials on their bandgap range is studied. The study shows that: in Bragg scattering type phonon crystal rods, material chirality can greatly affect the bandgap, among them, the chiral direction has the greatest effect, and in order to obtain a low-frequency wide bandgap, the chiral coefficients of the materials should be increased as much as possible with the chiral directions of the two cells being opposite; in the local resonance type phonon crystal rod, only two types of oscillators are added to the material simultaneously to produce a band gap, and the starting frequency obtained is much lower than that of the Bragg scattering type.

2

Preparation and Up-conversion Luminescence of Yb3+/Er3+/GZO Ceramics

Li G., Wang B., Wang R., Liu H.

Polish Journal of Chemical Technology

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2018

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Vol. 20, nr 3

15--19

EN

Yb3+/Er3+/GZO ceramics have been synthesized with high temperature solid-state method. The phase and structure of the Yb3+/Er3+/GZO ceramics were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The XRD pattern that following ions Yb3+ , Er3+ and Ga3+ were well doped into the ZnO lattice. Efficient visible up-conversion (UC) red and green emission were observed under 980 nm excitation. The mechanism of the UC luminescence is investigated on the basis of the UC luminescence emission spectra, the power curve and energy level diagram. The infl uence of doping ions to the intensity ratio of red to green is analyzed and high purity of red light (red/green = 29.9) is finally obtained.

3

Monte Carlo based angular analysis of multiple scattered photons for underwater optical imaging

Li S., Wang R., Chen G.

Optica Applicata

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2018

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Vol. 48, nr 2

237--247

EN

Image contrast and visibility associated with underwater optical imaging systems are usually degraded by the absorbing and scattering effects of turbid waters. To improve the image contrast, laser-range-gate has been widely applied to underwater optical imaging systems. The work of Katsev et al. (Appl.Opt. 38(33), 1999, pp. 6849–6858) shows that the contrast of a shadow image is greater than that of the object image. The present paper outlines a Monte Carlo based simulation method of image formation for underwater optical imaging. It is found that the contrast of a shadow image varies with gate starting depths. The angular distribution of multiply scattered photons is obtained via semi-analytical models (Shengfu Li et al., Opt.Commun. 381, 2016, pp. 43–47). The simulated results show that increasing the gate starting depth can reduce the highly backscattered photons, thus can improve the image contrast.

4

Tibial tuberosity. Trochlear groove distance in symptom-free young subjects and the proposal for a new guideline value to evaluate patellofemoral pain syndrome in case of trochlea dysplasia

Alk A., Bantle V., Martin T., Wang R., Kasprzyk M., Kozak J.

Medical Robotics Reports

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2018

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vol. 7

26--30

EN

For the evaluation of the patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS) the mediolateral distance between the tibial tuberosity and the trochlear groove (TT-TG) is considered as the gold standard. In this work, we propose to replace the measurement of the TT-TG with conventional tomographic or radiological section images by a smartphone-based mobile sonography system. This new system allows to provide not only ultrasound imaging but also a measuring method for determining the TT-TG using a smartphone as a mobile tracking unit. Moreover, the system supports the diagnosis by acquiring an additional parameter: the mediolateral distance between the intercondylar notch and the tibial tuberosity (TT-IN). The distinctive structure of the intercondylar notch simplifies the examination compared to using the trochlear groove alone. A feasibility study conducted for this paper indicates that this second guideline value is an adequate replacement for the conventional measurement of the TT-TG. Especially in case of trochlea dysplasia the detection and definition of the groove may be difficult and the TT-IN value offers a reasonable alternative. Our study shows that the proposed sonography system is able to accurately determine the TT-TG in a population of symptom-free young subjects. These measurements range from 13.1 ± 4.2 mm for male to 14.8 ± 3.4 mm for female subjects. Our findings correspond to the postulated values of the gold standard. We are able to show that the values for the TT-IN are in a comparable range with 14.4 ± 4.1mm for men and 13.6 ± 4.0 mm for women. We are convinced that this study strongly indicates that the TT-IN is a useful value that is easy to measure with a mobile ultrasound-based measurement system and can provide the same level of diagnostic value compared to the gold standard TT-TG. In conclusion, a new guideline value is presented to complement the measurement of the TT-TG when a pathological anatomy prevents the detection of the groove.

5

Przyspieszające działanie popiołu z łusek ryżowych na hydratację zaczynów cementowych z dodatkiem estru styrenowo-akrylowego

Wang R., Wang G.

Cement Wapno Beton

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2018

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R. 21/83, nr 5

396--406

PL

Popiół z łusek ryżowych jest dobrym oraz ekonomicznym dodatkiem przyspieszającym wiązanie i twardnienie zaczynów z cementu z dodatkiem estru styrenowo-akrylowego. Dodatek popiołu powoduje skrócenie początku i końca wiązania. Zależnie od dodatku popiołu czas wiązania zaczynu z polimerem może być nawet krótszy niż czas wiązania zaczynu cementowego, bez dodatku polimeru. Dodatkowo popiół z łusek ryżowych zwiększa wytrzymałość wczesną. Popiół z łusek ryżowych przyspiesza hydratację cementu w zaczynie z estrem styrenowo-akrylowym: znacznie skraca okres indukcji, zwiększa intensywność wydzielania ciepła hydratacji oraz stopień przereagowania cementu. Badania wykazały, że popiół z łusek ryżowych przyspiesza hydratację glinianu trójwapniowego oraz alitu, co powoduje powstawanie większych ilości ettringitu, fazy C-S-H. Popiół z łusek ryżowych ma dużą zawartość aktywnej krzemionki i może w zaczynie z cement-SAE reagować z wodorotlenkiem wapnia z utworzeniem żelu C-S-H.

EN

Rice husk ash [RHA] is an economical and effective material to accelerate the setting and hardening process of styrene-acrylic ester/cement [SAE-cement] composites. It makes the setting time of the SAE-cement as short as Portland cement or even shorter if necessary and enhances the early strength markedly. The RHA accelerates the hydration of SAE-cement: it significantly shortens the induction period of the SAE-cement hydration, increases the hydration heat evolution rate and hydration degree. RHA is a kind of active silica and reacts with Ca(OH)2 in the SAE-cement with C-S-H phase formation. RHA promotes the hydration of C3A and C3S and thus the formation of AFt and C-S-H.

6

AE test of calcareous sands with particle rushing

Tan F., Wang X., Hu M., Wang R., Zhu C.

Polish Maritime Research

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2017

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S 2

118--124

EN

The particle of calcareous sands was forced to crush, then the energy from the crushing was released by the form of sound waves. Therefore the AE technique was used to detect the calcareous sands AE signal when it crushed. by to study the AE characteristics, the mechanics of calcareous sands was studied. Study showed that: (1) there was the AE activities on the low confining pressure condition at the beginnig of test, (2) there was more and more AE activities with the continuing of test until to the end, (3) the calcareous sands’ AE activities was on the whole testing, (4) the calcareous sands’ particle crushing and mutual friction played different roles for its AE activities. Then the AE model based on the calcarous sands’ particle crushing was discussed.

7

Factors Affecting Alien and Native Plant Species Richness in Temperate Nature Reserves of Northern China

Zhang X., Wang H., Wang S., Wang R., Wang Y., Liu J.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2017

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Vol. 65, nr 4

320--333

EN

Understanding the factors affecting the species richness of alien and native plant is a key issue for predicting the spread of alien species and protecting rare and endangered native species in nature reserves. To investigate the factors affecting alien and native species richness in temperate nature reserves of China, we used a database of 25 nature reserves in Shandong Province of northern China, and studied the relationship of alien and native plant species richness with climatic and anthropogenic factors, as well as area and elevation range. We found that most of the nature reserves in Shandong Province have been invaded by alien plant species. The distribution of alien and native species responds to the same climatic factors, and temperature and precipitation exert strong effects on both groups. Alien and native plant species richness are positively correlated. Human activity is more effective for explaining richness of alien than for native species. Simultaneously, human activity has stronger effects on alien herbaceous than on alien woody plants. Our results suggest that native species richness is mainly explained by climatic factors, whereas alien species richness is mainly explained by climatic factors and human activity together.

8

Self-Plasticization of PVC via click reaction of a monooctyl phthalate derivative

Jia P., Wang R., Hu L., Zhang M., Zhou Y.

Polish Journal of Chemical Technology

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2017

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Vol. 19, nr 3

16--19

EN

Modified PVC (M-PVC) material with suppressed migration and low glass transition temperature was prepared via click reaction of a monooctyl phthalate derivative. Chemical structure and composition of M-PVC were characterized by FT-IR, 1H NMR and element analysis. Thermal stability, glass transition temperature and migration stability of M-PVC were studied with TGA, DSC and migration tests, respectively. The study showed that M-PVC exhibited poor thermal stability, and low glass transition temperature of 66.0°C. No migration was found in distilled water, 10% (v/v) ethanol, 30% (w/v)acetic acid and petroleum ether. The PVC material is expected to preparing PVC products in the areas with high migration resistance requirement.

9

Influence of FFL-13 Oil on PSA Staple Fiber Properties

Peng H., Zheng G., Sun Y., Wang R.

Autex Research Journal

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2017

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Vol. 17, no. 4

328--333

EN

With the aim of enabling the easy spinning of polysulfonamide (PSA) fibers, FFL-13 oil was successfully prepared. Specific resistance, the coefficient of friction, carding machine, electrostatic, cohesion, scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopic analyses were conducted in this study. Results showed that increase in oil concentration, ambient temperature, and humidity induces decrease in PSA fiber-specific resistance and gradual increase in the antistatic property. Relatively high oil concentration and ambient humidity may cause fibers to become sticky and show increased roller winding. As oil concentration increased, fiber cohesion increased and fiber gliding properties showed an initial increase and subsequent decrease. The ideal oil concentration was determined to be 0.6%. This study proves that STM may effectively be used to determine the optimal oil concentration.

10

Designing a Mixed Evaluating System for Green Manufacturing of Automotive Industry

Cao Y., You J., Wang R., Shi Y.

Problemy Ekorozwoju

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2016

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Vol. 11, nr 1

73--86

EN

The article proposed, from a sustainable development perspective, an index system based on Sustainability Balanced Scorecard (SBSC), including the main index of Financial, Internal process, Customer, Learning and growth, Social and the sub- index which comprised 28 indexes to evaluate the Green Manufacturing (GM) of automotive industry. Based on the index system, an evaluation model integrates by back-propagation artificial neural network (BPANN) and genetic algorithm (GA) was introduced. Using established model and indicators evaluated GM in four automotive companies; the key result of the evaluated show that: China’s automotive manufacturing enter-prises still have big room for improvement in respect of customer satisfaction, resource consumption, community service, low-carbon activities etc., so the strategy and management activities that put much pressure on these respect are necessary.

PL

W artykule zaproponowano wykorzystanie systemu wskaźników opartych na Zrównoważonej Karcie Wyników (Sustainability Balanced Scorecard – SBSC). Zgodnie z koncepcją rozwoju zrównoważonego uwzględniono na-stępujące główne wskaźniki: finansowy, procesów wewnętrznych, klienta, wzrostu i uczenia się, społeczny, a także 28 podwskaźników. Celem była ocena Zielonej Produkcji (Green Manufacturing – GM) w przemyśle mo-toryzacyjnym. Wprowadzono model oceny oparty na systemie wskaźników, łączący propagację wsteczną sztucz-nej sieci neuronowej (back-propagation artificial neural network – BPANN) oraz algorytm genetyczny (genetic algorithm – GA). Za pomocą wybranego modelu i wskaźników dokonano oceny Zielonej Produkcji w czterech firmach motoryzacyjnych. Wyniki wskazują, że chińskie przedsiębiorstwa motoryzacyjne mają jeszcze dużo do poprawy w kwestii satysfakcji klienta, zużycia zasobów, pracy społecznej, działań niskoemisyjnych, itp. Ko-nieczne jest zatem obranie strategii oraz gospodarki, które kładą nacisk na wymienione kwestie.

11

The Response of Wetland Plant Communities to Disturbance : Alleviation through Symmetric Disturbance and Facilitation

Xu F., Li M., Zhou D., Liu X., Wang R., Guo W.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2016

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Vol. 64, nr 3

327--338

EN

The study pays attention to disturbances in early successional communities of wetland vegetation. We conducted artificial disturbances in a community of Suaeda salsa and Phragmites australis in the Yellow River Delta (China). Eight types of disturbances combining mowing treatments with species treatments were applied. Removal of the standing litters of P. australis or not was defined as mowing treatments, and removal of two species solo or both was defined as species treatments. We sampled 80 quadrats from the treatments plots at different intervals after the disturbance to investigate plant height, abundance, aboveground biomass, the distance between plants to reflect the effect of disturbance on composition, structure, productivity, and function of the plant communities. The strategies of seedling emergence and height growth differed as the canopy changed. Biomass contribution of different species, combined with disturbance intensity, was the main factors that affected the productivity. Homogeneity of disturbance was better for maintaining the functions of plant community in compared with the competitiveness (C), stress-tolerance (S) and ruderality (C-S-R) signatures with the control. Facilitations were reflected by the stagger arrangements in relative growth rates of the two species and in plant-plant interactions calculated by a modified function of competition. Adapting to symmetric disturbance and developing facilitative interactions are important requirements for early succession terrestrial vegetation to establish and stabilize in the seriously saline environments of wetlands.

12

Generation of chirped microwave signal with any central frequency based on a nonuniformly spaced finite impulse response filter

Chen D., Wang R., Pu T., Xiang P., Fang T., Zheng J., Xiong J.

Optica Applicata

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2016

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Vol. 46, nr 3

399--408

EN

A novel optical approach to generating a chirped microwave signal by using a nonuniformly spaced finite impulse response filter is proposed and demonstrated. In this scheme, a narrowband Gaussian pulse is used as the original chirped-free signal, which is easy to be acquired. To eliminate the need of a wideband chirped-free signal, a mixer and a radio frequency signal are used to up-convert the spectrum of the original Gaussian signal. Therefore, the required frequency response can be calculated and reconstructed by a finite impulse response filter with nonuniformly spaced taps. Besides, a dual drive Mach–Zehnder modulator is used to realize single sideband modulation of the chirpedfree signal. Thus, the transfer function induced by the fiber dispersion is eliminated and the chirped microwave signal with any central frequency can be generated. In this paper, a design example of a filter with a central frequency of 10GHz is provided, and generation of the target chirped microwave signal is also demonstrated by numerical simulations.

13

Waste printed circuit boards nonmetallic powder as replacement for sand in cement mortar

Wang R., Zhang T., Wang P.

Materiały Budowlane

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2016

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nr 1

59--62

EN

The nonmetallic powder recycled from waste printed circuit boards (PCB) is used in cement mortar as replacement for sand. The results show that the waste PCB nonmetallic powder causes an increase in air content and improves the water-retention property of fresh mortar, decreases the bulk density of hardened mortar. There is a decrease in the compressive and flexural strengths with the addition of waste PCB nonmetallic powder and the decreasing degree depends on the substitution amount of the nonmetallic powder for sand. The tensile bond strength decreases slowly with the increase of the substitution amount from 0% to 35%. The water capillary adsorption of mortar is close to that of control when 10% and 20% sand is replaced. The use of mortar made with recycled waste PCB nonmetallic powder as sand replacement offers promise for applications as medium weight or light weight concrete, while adding value to a post-consumer electric and electronic material that is now generally treated as solid waste.

PL

W artykule analizowano możliwość wykorzystania niemetalicznego proszku pochodzącego z recyklingu płytek drukowanych PCB (ang. Printed Circuit Boards) jako zamiennika piasku w zaprawach cementowych. Uzyskane wyniki wskazują, że dodatek proszku PCB powoduje wzrost zawartości powietrza, poprawę zdolności do retencji wody świeżej zaprawy oraz zmniejszenie gęstości objętościowej stwardniałej zaprawy. Obserwowany spadek wytrzymałości na ściskanie i zginanie zależy od stopnia substytucji piasku proszkiem PCB. Przyczepność przy rozciąganiu spada stopniowo ze wzrostem substytucji od 0 do 35%. Adsorpcja kapilarna wody zapraw modyfikowanych jest zbliżona do wartości uzyskanej w przypadku próbki kontrolnej, jeśli stopień substytucji proszkiem PCB jest mniejszy niż 20%. Wyniki uzyskane dla zapraw z proszkiem PCB wskazują także na możliwość ich wykorzystania w betonach lekkich. Potwierdzają także, że zużyte elektryczne i elektroniczne płytki drukowane, uważane za produkty odpadowe, mogą być z powodzeniem wykorzystane w technologii materiałów budowlanych.

14

Inter-/Intra-Laminar Reinforced Hybrid Fibre Composites by Needle Punching and Thermal Bonding: Evaluation of Mechanical and Static Puncture Properties

Li T.-T., Wang R., Lou C.-W., Pan Y.-J., Hsieh C.-T., Lin J.-H.

Fibres & Textiles in Eastern Europe

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2016

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Vol. 24, no. 4 (118)

84--91

EN

This study comparatively presents the static puncture property of different structures of intra-/inter-laminar reinforced hybrid composites via needle punching and thermal bonding techniques. The tensile and bursting properties of two composites with inter-laminar reinforcement by needle-punching and inter-and-intra- laminar reinforcement by both needle punching and using Kevlar fibres were also evaluated comparatively. The significance of process parameters including the low-melting PET fibre content, take-up speed of the punching machine, the plied orientation between the nonwoven and fabric and thermal bonding on the static puncture resistance was firstly investigated to seek out the significant parameters. The effects of significant processing parameters on static puncture and mechanical properties were explored afterwards. The research result shows that the plied orientation, low-melting PET content and thermal bonding affect the static puncture resistance most significantly. The maximum tensile strength and bursting strength occurred when hybrid composites after thermal bonding were composed of parallel-plied nonwovens and 90°-orientated glass fabric, as well as 70 wt% low-melting PET fibres. Recycled Kevlar fibre reinforcement dissipates additional static puncture resistance, and makes the static puncture resistance higher, as well as the tensile and bursting strengths for resultant hybrid fibre composites. Employing recycled Kevlar fibres is economical for the fabrication of hybrid composites. Diversified economical hybrid composites will be applied as a wall interlayer or garment interlining in the future.

PL

Przedstawiono porównawcze omówienie statycznej wytrzymałości na przebicie różnych hybrydowych kompozytowych wzmocnionych struktur laminarnych. Badano wytrzymałość na rozciąganie i przerwanie różnych wariantów kompozytów zarówno igłowanych jak i łączonych termicznie, w tym takich, w których stosowano do wzmocnienia włókna Kevlar. Badano istotność wpływu różnych parametrów na statyczną wytrzymałość na przebicie. Stwierdzono znaczny wpływ orientacji igłowania i zawartości niskotopliwego PET.

15

Wpływ różnych dodatków polimeru butadienowo-styrenowego PBS na hydratację krzemianu trójwapniowego

Wang R., Yue X.

Cement Wapno Beton

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2016

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R. 21/83, nr 5

336--346

PL

W pracy omówiono badania wpływu dodatku kopolimeru butadien-styren na hydratację krzemianu trójwapniowego. Oznaczono ciepło hydratacji, morfologię fazy C-S-H, zawartość wodorotlenku wapniowego i C3S, który nie uległ hydratacji. Wyniki wykazały, że kopolimer wydłuża okres indukcji oraz opóźnia pojawienie się okresu wzrostu szybkości reakcji, a także zmniejsza maksymalną szybkość wydzielania ciepła w tej fazie hydratacji. Cząsteczki kopolimeru są adsorbowane na powierzchni ziaren C3S we wczesnej fazie hydratacji. Po 3 dniach hydratacji, polimer może tworzyć błonki na powierzchni alitu, co utrudnia wzrost fazy C-S-H. Dodatek kopolimeru opóźnia hydratację C3S, przy czym efekt ten jest tym większy im większa jest jego zawartość.

EN

The addition of styrene-butadiene rubber latex on the hydration of tricalcium silicate was studied in presented research. Hydration heat, morphology of C-S-H, content of calcium hydroxide and unhydrated C3S were determined. The results showed that SBR latex could not only prolong the induction period and retard the appearance of acceleration period, but also decrease the maximum rate of heat evolution and the slope of acceleration period of C3S hydration. SBR particles adsorbed on the surface of C3S crystals in early age and formed film after 3 days, and decrease the C-S-H fibres. In general, the addition of SBR retarded the hydration of C3S and this effect was enhanced with the increasing dosage of SBR latex.

16

Wpływ polimeru butadienowo-styrenowego na wczesną hydratację cementu

Wang R., Shi X.

Cement Wapno Beton

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2016

|

R. 21/83, nr 1

36--45

PL

W pracy badano wpływ dodatku kopolimeru styrenowo-butadienowego (SBR) na wczesną hydratację cementu. Badania wykazały, że kopolimer SBR opóźnia wiązanie cementu i efekt ten wzrasta ze wzrostem dodatku. Kopolimer SBR zwiększa więc okres indukcji, opóźnia okres wzrastającej szybkości reakcji, a także zwiększa hydratację w okresach zmniejszania szybkości reakcji i małej szybkości reakcji. Ciepło hydratacji i jej stopień w przypadku cementu z dodatkiem SBR jest większy niż wzorca, po 48 godzinach. SBR przyspiesza powstawanie i zwiększa trwałość ettringitu. SBR utrudnia i opóźnia powstawanie CH.

EN

Early hydration of cement in the presence of styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) latex was investigated in this paper. The initial/final setting time, hydration heat, hydration degree, hydrates of calcium aluminate and hydrates of calcium silicate were analyzed. The results show that SBR latex retards the initial/final setting of cement. The more SBR latex is added, the stronger the retarding effect. SBR latex prolongs the induction period of cement hydration, postpones the accelerating period but promotes the decelerating and stable periods. The hydration heat and hydration degree of cement with SBR latex is higher than the control one after 48 hours. SBR latex promotes the formation and enhances the stability of ettringite. SBR latex also inhibits and retards the formation of CH.

17

Chemical interaction between polymer and cement in polymer-cement concrete

Wang R., Li J., Zhang T., Czarnecki L.

Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences

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2016

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Vol. 64, nr 4

785--792

EN

Polymers are widely used in cement mortar and concrete modification due to their significant role in improving the overall performance of cement-based materials. Their physical interaction is well-accepted, while less attention is given to chemical interaction between the polymers and cement. Through a review of prior arts, chemical interactions are discussed and summarized in this paper. Various chemical interactions may take place between cement and different types of polymers. Understanding these chemical interactions will play an important role in clarifying the relationship between microstructure and macrostructure of polymer-modified cementitious materials. Authors expressed and proved the conviction that the organic-inorganic (Polymer-Portland cement) composite with some components chemically bonded, in parallel to the physical interaction, will be the next stage in concrete technology progress.

18

Improvement of the Electric Field Distribution around the Ends of Composite Insulator with Series Connection of Glass Insulator

Yang Q., Wang R., Sima W., Yuan T., Liao L.

Przegląd Elektrotechniczny

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2013

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R. 89, nr 1b

248--252

EN

This paper proposes a new compound mode composed of a composite insulator in series with glass insulators, designed to improve its electric field distribution based on its own capacitive electric field distribution characteristics. A three-dimensional electric field calculation model of a composite insulator in a transmission line was designed and employed to study the improved situation of the surface potential and the electric field distribution of a composite insulator, with a glass insulator installed in its high-voltage side at 110 kV.

PL

W artykule zaproponowano system połączenia izolatorów kompozytowych i szklanych. Obliczono numerycznie pole elektryczne modelu izolatora zainstalowanego w sieci 110 kV.

19

Distribution Optimization Based on Feasible Direction Metod for Horizontal Well Perforation

Wang Y., Wu X., Wang R., Wu H., Yang Z.

Przegląd Elektrotechniczny

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2013

|

R. 89, nr 1b

239--242

EN

The horizontal wellbore pressure and reservoir heterogeneity are major factors in the horizontal well uneven inflow. Given the situation, it is to establish balanced production of horizontal wells as the objective function, and holes dense as the optimization which is a typical constrained nonlinear optimization. By feasible direction method, it is to obtain distribution optimization results, in order to control the production pressure within horizontal section and to realize uniform advancing of flow profile in the horizontal segment.

PL

W artykule przedstawiono metodę optymalizacji rozmieszczenia i gęstości odwiertów oraz zbalansowania ilości studzien poziomych, co zapobiegnie nierównomiernym rozpływom cieczy. Dodatkowo pozwoli to na kontrolę ciśnienia przy wytwarzaniu poziomych sekcji oraz jednorodne przedłużanie profilu przepływu w poziomym segmencie.

20

Low atmospheric density measurement based on Rayleigh scattering of an ultraviolet laser

Wang R, Yao J., Zhong K., Miao Y., Cui H., Zhao X., Miao Y., Zhang C.

Optica Applicata

|

2013

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Vol. 43, nr 3

597--605

EN

The qualitative measurement of low atmospheric density in the air flow field has been investigated in this paper. The supersonic flow field with Mach number of 1.5 around the NACA0006 aerofoil has been numerically simulated and the transient slight pressure and low density atmosphere have been experimentally determined based on Rayleigh scattering of a 266 nm ultraviolet laser. The scattering patterns have been effectively captured under different atmospheric pressure of 4.5, 92, 470 and 710 Pa with laser energy of only 0.5 mJ. It has been demonstrated that in the pressure range from 4.5 to 1100 Pa, corresponding to the atmospheric density from 4.8105×10–5 kg/m3 to 1.279×10–2 kg/m3, the scattering intensity of an ultraviolet laser is linear to the pressure and density with the slope coefficient of 0.00968 a.u./Pa and 0.83226 a.u./(kg/m3×10–3). It has been proved that Rayleigh scattering is a promising technology for observation of instantaneous and multidimensional distribution of a supersonic flow field.